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外语考试频道(30%)Directions:Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageIQuestions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassages:In1960s,medicalresearchersThomasHolmesandRichardRahedevelopedachecklistofstressfulevents.Theyappreciatedthetrickypointthatanymajorchangecanbestressful.Negativeeventslike“seriousillnessofafamilymember”werehighonthelist,butsoweresomepositivelife-changingevents,likemarriage.WhenyoutaketheHolmes–Rahetestyoumustrememberthatthescoredoesnotreflecthowyoudealwithstress–itonlyshowshowmuchyouhavetodealwith.Andwenowknowthatthewayyouhandletheseeventsdramaticallyaffectsyourchancesofstayinghealthy.Bytheearly1970s,hundredsofsimilarstudieshadfollowedHolmesandRahe.AndmillionsofAmericanswhoworkandliveunderstressworriedoverthereports.Somehow,theresearchgotboileddowntoamemorablemessage.Women’smagazinesranheadlineslike“Stresscausesillness!”Ifyouwanttostayphysicallyandmentallyhealthy,thearticlesaid,avoidstressfulevents.Butsuchsimplisticadviceisimpossibletofollow.Evenifstressfuleventsaredangerous,many–likethedeathofalovedone–areimpossibletoavoid.Moreover,anywarningtoavoidallstressfuleventsisaprescriptionforstayingawayfromopportunitiesaswellastrouble.Sinceanychangecanbestressful,apersonwhowantedtobecompletelyfreeofstresswouldnevermarry,haveachild,takeanewjobormove.Thenotionthatallstressmakesyousickalsoignoresalotofwhatweknowaboutpeople.Itassumeswe’reallvulnerable(脆弱的)andpassiveinthefaceofadversity.Butwhatabouthumaninitiativeandcreativity?Manycomethroughperiodsofstresswithmorephysicalandmentalvigorthantheyhadbefore.Wealsoknowthatalongtimewithoutchangeorchallengecanleadtoboredom,andphysicalandmentalstrain.1.TheresultofHolmes–Rahemedicalresearchtellsus______.A)thewayyouhandlemajoreventsmaycausestressB)whatshouldbedonetoavoidstressC)whatkindofeventwouldcausestressD)howtocopewithsuddenchangeoflife2.Thestudiesonstressintheearly1970’sledto______.A)widespreadconcernoveritsharmfuleffectsB)greatpanicoverthementaldisorderitcouldcause外语考试频道)anintensiveresearchintostress–relatedillnessesD)popularavoidanceofstressfuljobs3.ThescoreoftheHolmes–Rahetestshows.A)howmuchpressureyouareunderB)howpositiveeventscanchangeyourlifeC)howstressfulamajoreventcanbeD)howyoucandealwithlife–changingevents4.Whyis“suchsimplisticadvice”(Line1,Para.3)impossibletofollow?A)Noonecanstayonthesamejobforlong.B)Noprescriptioniseffectiveinrelievingstress.C)Peoplehavetogetmarriedsomeday.D)Youcouldbemissingopportunitiesaswell.5.Accordingtothepassagepeoplewhohaveexperiencedupsanddownsmaybecome________.A)nervouswhenfacedwithdifficultiesB)physicallyandmentallystrainedC)morecapableofcopingwithadversityD)indifferenttowardwhathappenstothemPassageIIQuestions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Theoctopus(章鱼)’sreputationasahuman-killerisn’tsimplyanexaggeration–itisatotalmyth.Theoctopuscanindeedbeadeadlyhunter,butonlyofitsnaturalprey.Clams,mussels,crabs,lobstersandanoccasionalsickorunwaryfishhavereasontobefrightenedofthismulti-armedpredator,butapersonismuchtoolargetointeresteventhebiggestoctopus.Evenagiantamongoctopusesismuchsmallerthanmostpeopleimagine.Farfrombeinglargeenoughtoengulf(吞下)asubmarine,asmonsteroctopusesinmovieshavebeenknowntodo,thelargestoctopuses,foundonthePacificcoast,weigharound110poundsandgrowtoadiameterofnomorethantenfeet.Thehard,parrot-likebeak(嘴)ofanoctopusisnotusedforattackingdeep-seadivers,butforcuttingopencrabsandlobsters.Indeed,theoctopuspossessessuchatinythroatthatitcannotswallowlargepiecesofmeat.Itfeedsinsteadbypouringdigestivejuicesintoitsvictims,andthensuckingupthesoupyremains.Aclamorscallop(扇贝)thatfindsitselfinthegraspofanoctopushasonlyashorttimetolive.Buthumanbeingsareperfectlysafe.Still,peoplerarelycaretoventurecloseenoughtothesetimidcreaturestogetagoodlookatthem.6.Thispassageismainlyabout_________.A)thehorrorsoftheoctopus外语考试频道)thelargestoctopusintheworldC)octopusesandtheirbehaviourD)theoctopus’sdeadlyhuntingmethod7.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat_______________.A)peoplehavegroundlessfearsabouttheoctopusB)theoctopusisnotinterestedinhumanbeingsbecausetheyaretoolargeforitC)theoctopusisafraidofhumanbeingsD)theoctopusisaveryviciousseaanimal8.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A)Theoctopususuallyusesitseighttentaclestotearitspreyintopiecesbeforeeatingitup.B)Theoctopusalwayscatchessickandcarelessfish.C)Theoctopusneverattackspeople.D)Theoctopuscanengulfsubmarines.9.Thehardbeakoftheoctopusisusedfor.A)attackingdeep-seadiversB)cuttinguplargepiecesofmeatC)cuttingopenitspreyD)defendingitself10.Fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat.A)theoctopusisnotdangeroustoman,asmanypeoplebelieveittobeB)peopleoftenfearcreaturesthatarenotdangeroustothemC)theoctopusonlyhuntsitsnaturalpreyD)thingsdescribedinmoviesarenottobebelievedPassageIIIQuestions11to15arebased