2011年5月份北京地区学位英语考试真题1PartIReadingComprehension(30%)Directions:Therearethreepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet。Passage1QuestionsIto5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:用手机贴近耳朵通话50分钟就足以改变离手机天线最近的脑细胞的活动。Spending50minuteswithacellphoneclosetoyourearisenoughtochangebraincellactivityinthepartofthebrainclosesttotheantenna(天线).但是美国国家卫生研究所的科学家上个月在一个会议上说到,这种变化是否有害尚不清楚,Butwhetherthatcausesanyharmisnotclear,scientistsattheNationalInstituteofHealthsaidataconferencelastmonth,并且补充说,这个研究不可能解决脑癌与手机之间是否有联系的担忧。addingthatthestudywillnotlikelysettleconcernsofalinkbetweencellphonesandbraincancer.“我们要说明的是,当人们处于手机磁场中时,靠近手机天线的脑部细胞的葡萄糖代谢活动(一种脑部活动的迹象)会增加。”“Whatweshowedisglucose(葡萄糖)metabolism(代谢)(asignofbrainactivity)increasesinthebraininpeoplewhowereexposedtoacellphoneintheareaclosesttotheantenna,”美国国家卫生研究所的科学家诺拉·沃尔考说到。saidDr.NoraVolkowoftheNIH,她的这一研究发表在美国医学协会杂志上。whosestudywaspublishedintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation.这项研究的目的是检测大脑对无线手机信号产生的电磁场有何反应。(76)Thestudywasmeanttoexaminehowthebrainreactstoelectromagneticfieldscausedbywirelessphonesignals。沃尔考说,手机发出的弱电磁辐射可能会影响大脑的活动,她对此感到很惊讶。Volkowsaidshewassurprisedthattheweakelectromagneticradiation(电磁辐射)fromcellphonescouldaffectbrainactivity,但她说,研究结果并没有说明手机是否会引发癌症。butshesaidthefindingsdonotshedanylightonwhethercellphonescausecancer.研究绝没有表明这种结论,“Thisstudydoesnotinanywayindicatethat.只是想证明大脑对手机产生的电磁辐射有敏感性。”Whatthestudydoesistoshowthehumanbrainissensitivetoelectromagneticradiationfromcellphoneexposures。”20世纪80年代初期手机被投入市场以来,Useofthedeviceshasincreaseddramaticallysincetheywereintroducedintheearly1980s,手机用户急剧增加,目前全世界使用的手机电话约有50亿部。withabout5billioncellphonesnowinuseworldwide。有的研究认为,手机的使用增加了患脑癌的风险,Somestudieshavelinkedcellphoneexposuretoanincreasedriskofbraincancers,但世界卫生组织所进行的较大型研究尚未得出此结论。butalargestudybytheWorldHealthOrganizationdidnotofferaclearanswertothis.沃尔克研究小组对47名使用手机的人做了调查,对他们在通话50分钟的过程中进行大脑扫描,并与关闭手机的人进行对比。Volkow’steamstudied47peoplewhohadtheirbrainexaminedwhileacellphonewasturnedonfor50minutesandanotherwhilethephonewasturnedoff.研究人员发现,尽管大脑的新陈代谢没有完全发生变化,Whiletherewasnocompletechangeinbrainmetabolism,但电话接通时,靠近手机天线的大脑区域,细胞新陈代谢增加了7%。theyfounda7percentincreaseinbrainmetabolismintheregionclosesttothecellphoneantennawhenthephonewason。专家指出这一结果值得关注,但是强调在解释这一现象时需要特别谨慎。(77)Expertssaidtheresultswereinteresting,buturgedthattheybeunderstoodwithgreatcare.美国华盛顿大学的亨利和在瑞典大学医院的约翰·松哈德尔在JAMA中写到:“尽管手机辐射导致生物学意义上的葡萄糖代谢显著增加,但其结论仍需更深入的研究。“Althoughthebiologicalsignificance,ifany,ofincreasedglucosemetabolismfromtoomuchcellphoneexposureisunknown,theresultsrequirefurtherinvestigation,”HenryLaioftheUniversityofWashingtonintheU.S.andDr.LennartHardellofUniversityHospitalinSweden,wroteinanarticleinJAMA.需要做很多的事情来深入探讨和理解其影响。”“Muchhastobedonetofurtherinvestigateandunderstandtheseeffects。”Theywrote。1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?(Thereareabout5billioncellphoneusersintheworldrightnow.)2.DoctorVolkowwasastonishedbecause(shefoundthatusingacellphoneforabout50minutescouldinfluenceorchangebrainactivity.)3.Accordingtothepassage,cellphoneswerelaunched(between1980and1985.)4.Whatdoestheword“that”standforinthesecondparagraph?(Thefactthatcellphoneusemaycausecancer.)5.Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthispassage?(CellPhoneRadiation:IsItHarmful?)Passage2Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:人类总是有能力同时做几件事情。Humanbeingshavealwayshadanabilitytoattendtoseveralthingsatonce.使用电子产品同时进行多项任务也并非新现象:自从20世纪30年代车载收音机普及以来,我们就边开车边听收音机。(78)Noriselectronicmultitaskingentirelynew:We’vebeendrivingwhilelisteningtocarradiossincetheybecamepopularinthe1930s.但是,毫无疑问,在互联网时代,多任务处理已经达到了极速时代,butthereisnodoubtthatmultitaskinghasreachedakindofwarpspeedintheeraofWeb-enabledcomputers,现在,人们早已习惯于同时开多个即时聊天窗口、又看电视又玩电脑。whenithasbecomeroutinetoconductseveralIM(及时通讯)conversations,watchTVandusethecomputerallatonce。但是这种媒介消费有何影响呢?Butwhat’stheimpactofthismediaconsumption?这些多任务处理型的设备是如何改变孩子们的学习、思辨和与人交流的呢?Andhowarethesemultitaskingdeviceschanginghowkidslearn,reasonandcommunicatewithoneanother?社会科学家和教育者正在着手处理这些问题,Socialscientistsandeducatorsarejustbeginningtodealwiththesequestions,而研究者们已经得出了一些强有力的观点。buttheresearchersalreadyhavesomestrongopinions。尽管多任务型的孩子可能会在某些方面更好地应对如今快节奏的工作环境,(79)Althoughmultitaskingkidsmaybebetterpreparedinsomewaysfortoday’sfast-pacedworkplaced,但是很多科学家确实对这一趋势感到震惊。Manyscientistsarepositivelyalarmedbythetrend。习惯于一边即时聊天,一边做功课,一边玩网游,一边看电视的孩子们,长远来看,其发展并不会很好。Kidsthatareinstantmessagingwhiledoinghomework,playinggamesonlineandwatchingTV,aren’tgoingtodowellinthelongrun。从积极的方面看,Onthepositiveside,多任务型的学生更容易在发现和使用信息方面做得出色。multitaskingstudentstendtobeextraordinarilygoodatfindingandusinginformation.而且可能由于现代的童年期往往以视觉媒体而非印刷媒体为中心,Andprobablybecausemodernchildhoodcentersaroundvisual(视觉的)ratherthanprintmedia,他们更擅长分析视觉数据和图像。theyareespeciallyskilledatanalyzingvisualdataandimages。很多教育家和心理学家说到,父母需要确保青少年能够从无法控制的屏幕活动中解脱出来,花更多的时间与真实的人类朋友交流Manyeducatorsandpsychologistssayparentsneedtoactively