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广西工学院2011届毕业设计附录资料1第1章英文原文：Abstract-AvehicleisconsiderGreenwhenitmoreenvironmentallyfriendlythanthetraditionalpetroleumcombustionengine,inwhichincludesanynontraditionalvehiclelike,HEV,PlugIn,EV,FuelCell,Biofueletc.thatimprovesfueleconomy.Thedevelopmentofelectricvehiclehasbeenoverahundredyearsbutfailuretogainthepublicacceptanceinvariousstagesduetovariousreasonswhichexplained.WhileEVwasnevermassproduced,Hybridelectricvehiclegainsthemomentuminrecentyears.FordhaslauncheditssecondgenerationofHEVandGMalsoannouncedthedebutoftheVoltin2010.ComparingtotheregularHEV,Pluginisthenewtrendinhybridautodevelopmentduetoextendtravelrangeinelectricalmodeandapossibilityofazeroemissionaslongastraveldistanceislessthanchargingthreshold.However,morerecently,anelectrificationtrendinautomotiveindustryhasbeenevolvedandwillrevolutionizetheindustry.Withthecorrectpolicyandgovernmenthelpandadvancementofelectricvehicletechnology,theprospectofElectricVehiclewillbebrightandthefocuspointoffuturedevelopment.Keywords–electricvehicle,hybrid,plugin,green,historyINTRODUCTIONAsassociatedwithenergyindependenceandenvironmentalissue,alternativefuelvehicle,especiallyElectricandHybridelectricvehiclehasbecomepartofthegovernmentpolicyallovertheworld.TheunitedStatemandatesastricterfueleconomystandard.Chinaissuedanewenergyvehiclepolicytoaccelerate&subsidizethedeploymentofelectricthisyearandsetagoalof500kfor2011.HongKongalsosetaclearvisionforEVapplicationinthenearfuture.Asfortheautoindustry,asilentgreenresolutionisundergosignificanttransformationaftergasolinepricerosesignificantlytoexceedUS$2levelandmarketdemandsforsuchvehicle.TheindustryintroducedmorefuelefficientHEVsandlesspollutedvehiclestothemarket.AsOilpricesurgedrapidlyduringthelastfewyears,thephenomenonhaspushedpureelectricvehicledevelopmentregainingtractionamongautomakersandgovernments.TheconsumermarkethasbroughtsignificantgaininalternativefuelvehicleaswellasHEVandelectricvehicles.AHEVstudy(Fig.1)conductedbyPolk&CompanyindicatedanupwardtrendofmarketshareofHEVsalesinUnitedStateandWesternEurope.AnevenbiggershareofHEVandEVwerepredictedwhentheycombined.Infact,selectionofHEVmodelsfromOEMshavegrownfromtwo(Insight&Prius)in2000tomorethantwentiesastoday.SalesoftheHEVareinthefasttrackalongwithmorethan300,000HEVsoldin2007[2].FurtherknowncommitmentsofHEVandelectricvehiclefromOEMwillimprovetheHEVproductionevenmore.Addingplug-inandelectricvehicletothelineupwillstrengthenandacceleratethecurrentelectrificationtrend.ChevyVolt,thefirstplug-inhybrid,andabunchofplannedelectricvehiclessalutedforendconsumerintheNorthAmericawillleadtoaroundofnewenergyvehicleinthemarket.HISTORYOFELECTRICVEHICLEDEVELOPMENTThedevelopmentofelectricvehiclehasalonghistory.Sincetheinventionofelectricmotor,广西工学院2011届毕业设计附录资料2electricvehiclehasbeenaroundfor150years.Fromsimplenon-chargeabletomodernstateofartcontrolsystem,thedevelopmentofElectricvehiclecanbeclassifiedintothreestages:EarlydevelopmentstageElectricvehiclewasconsideredamongtheearliestautomobileandwellaheadofcombustionengine.Itdominatedthevehicleregistrationwith3:1comparingtogasolinevehiclesinthelate1920sto1930sandheldmostofthelandvehicleperformancerecordinearly1900s.Itwasamajortransportationtoolandwidelyusedinthesocietyforlocaltransportationimprovedfromhorsecarriages.Until1930,electricvehicleleadershipwasovertakenbygasolinevehicledevelopmentandwasneverabletoreclaimthestatusforfollowingreasons:MaturityofGasolinevehicleandcanbemassproducedatareasonablecost.WiththemassproductionofModelT&manufactureprocessrevolution,vehiclesbecamesuddenlyavailabletogeneralpublicandproceedasawaytoimprovelife;Gasolinevehicletookoverastheleaderandsurpasselectricvehiclebothinperformanceandcost.Infrastructureimprovementanddemandofinter-citytravelrequiredalongertraveldistancethatwasneverabletoexploitbyelectricvehiclebefore.Lackingofchargeinfrastructuredevelopment,reliableelectricitytransmissionandlimitedtraveldistance,electricvehiclenolongersuitedforconsumerdemandandlosttheedgetoregulargasolinevehicle.Limitedornoelectricalinfrastructuresupportforcedtheresignationandabundanceofearlierelectricvehicle.Widelydiscoveryofgasolineinthesateandreadyavailabilityofcheapfuelalsocontributedthespreadofgasolinevehicle.Petrolinthe1930sprovidedadirectcheapsourceofenergyforvehicletransportation.Itcouldbecarriedaroundbycontainerwhichenabledandextendedthemobilityofowningavehicle.B.Midtermdevelopment(1930s-1980s)Electricvehicleproductionanddevelopmentcametoahaltaspersonaltransportationaftercombustionenginetookoverin1935.PoliticalsensitivitywithOPECcreatedanecessityofenergyindependenceduringthe1960sand1970s.U.SGovernmentandenvironmentalistreintroducedtougherfuelefficientstandardfortheindustryandignitedaboardinterestinelectricvehicleintheperiod.Energycrisisinearly70sdriventheUSpostalserviceplacedalargeorderof350EVtestfleet.Itisthehighestnodeofmidtermdevelopment.However,partlyduetolimitedperformance,othergovernmentalpriorities,lackofboardinfrastructuresupportandrangeofcorporationparticipation,thedevelopmentquietdownquicklyduringthisperio