电动汽车动力传动系统匹配设计

本科生毕业设计（论文）I摘要随着石油资源的日益减少和环境保护要求的提高，电动汽车的发展越来越受到人们的重视，以往对于纯电动汽车的研究主要集中在能量存储系统，电驱动系统和控制策略的研究开发方面。然而，在动力电池和其他技术取得有效突破之前，对动力传动系统部件的设计参数进行研究是提高电动汽车性能的重要手段之一。变速器是汽车重要的传动系组成，在较大范围内改变汽车行驶速度的大小和汽车驱动轮上扭矩的大小。本设计的变速箱采用两轴式两挡和锁环式同步器换挡，这种布置形式缩短了变速器轴向尺寸，在保证挡数不变的情况下，减少齿轮数目，从而使变速器结构更加紧凑。电动汽车的变速器与普通变速器相比，其结构有所不同。因为驱动电机的旋向可以通过电路控制实现变换，所以电动汽车无需内燃机汽车变速器中的倒档而设置倒档轴，只需应用电机反转来实现倒车行驶。设计中利用已知参数确定变速器各挡传动比、中心矩，齿轮的模数、压力角、齿宽等参数，由中心矩确定箱体的长度、高度、轴径，对轴和各挡齿轮进行校核，绘制出装配图及零件图。结论表明，变速器齿轮及各轴尺寸达到设计要求，齿轮及各轴强度的校核满足强度要求，结构合理。同时本设计对电动汽车的动力传动系统进行了匹配设计计算，计算结果表明达到性能要求。关键词：电动汽车；传动系；变速箱；匹配本科生毕业设计（论文）IIAbstractWithoilresourcesdwindlingandenvironmentalimprovement,thedevelopmentofelectricvehiclesisreceivingincreasingattention,inthepast,pureelectricvehicleforresearchmainlyconcentratedintheenergystoragesystem,electricdrivesystemsandcontrolresearchanddevelopmentstrategy.However,inthemotivepowerandothertechnicalbreakthroughsmadeeffectivebeforethepowertraincomponentsofthedesignparametersofthestudyistoimprovetheperformanceofelectricvehicles,oneoftheimportantmeans.Transmissionisimportantautomotivepowertraincomponents,achangeinawiderangeofsizeofvehiclespeedandtorqueofthemotorvehiclewheelsize.Thedesignofatwo-axisofthetransmissionblockandthetwolockringsynchronizershift,thelayoutoftheformofreducingthetransmissionofaxialsize,whileensuringthesameblockafewcases,toreducethenumberofgears,sothattransmissionstructurecompact.Thetransmissionofelectricvehiclesascomparedwithordinarytransmission,itsstructureisdifferent.Becauseoftherotarydrivemotorcircuitcanbecontrolledtoachievethetransformation,sonointernalcombustionengineforelectricvehiclesintheautomobiletransmissionandsetupreversereverseaxis,simplytheapplicationofinversiontoachievethereversingmotortraffic.Knownparametersofthedesignoftransmissionoftheblocktodeterminethetransmissionratio,thecentermoment,themodulusgear,pressureangle,toothwidthandotherparametersdeterminedbythecentralmomentoftheboxlength,height,shaftdiameter,thegearshaftandtheblocktocheck,drawnplansandpartsassembly.Concludedthatthetransmissiongearsandtheshaftsizetomeetthedesignrequirements,thegearshaftandcheckingthestrengthtomeetthestrengthrequirementsofareasonablestructure.Atthesametime,thedesignofamatchingcalculationresultsshowthattheperformancerequirementstomeet.Keywords:electricvehicle；gearbox；powertrain；matchin本科生毕业设计（论文）III目录第1章绪论........................................................11.1电动汽车的简介................................................11.2电动汽车传动装置的特点........................................11.3电动汽车变速器的功用..........................................1第2章电动汽车动力传动系统匹配计算................................12.1计算最高车速..................................................12.2车辆加速时间的计算............................................22.3车辆爬坡的计算................................................22.4续驶里程的计算................................................2第3章电动汽车变速器设计方案及论证................................33.1电动汽车变速器的要求：........................................33.2变速器设计方案论证............................................3第4章变速器各主要参数的设计计算及校核............................64.1主要参数设计..................................................64.2齿轮强度计算.................................................104.3确定轴的尺寸.................................................13第5章同步器的设计...............................................155.1同步器的工作原理.............................................155.2同步器的功用同步器的种类.....................................165.3同步器的参数的确定...........................................165.3.1摩擦因数.................................................165.3.2同步环主要尺寸确定.......................................17第6章变速器操纵机构.............................................196.1对变速器操纵机构的要求......................................196.2直接操纵手动换挡变速器......................................196.3远距离操纵手动换挡变速器....................................20本科生毕业设计（论文）IV6.4变速器自锁、互锁、倒挡锁装置................................206.4.1自锁装置.................................................206.4.2互锁锁装置...............................................21第6章变速器轴承.................................................22第8章变速器的润滑与密封.........................................23第9章零件的加工工艺.............................................249.1齿轮轴加工工艺...............................................249.2齿轮加工工艺.................................................259.3端盖加工工艺.................................................26第10章结论.....................................................27参考文献..........................................................28致谢.............................................................30附录1计算程序....................................................31动力传动系统匹配程序............................................31齿轮校核程序....................................................33齿轮参数计算程序................................................33附录2专业外文语翻译..............................................35译文一：纽约时报................................................35译文二：........................................................42本科生毕业设计（论文）1第1章绪论1.1电动汽车的简介电动汽车是指以车载电源为动力，用电机驱动车轮行驶，符合道路交通、安全法规各项要求的车辆。电动汽车的优点是：它本身不排放污