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©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:(1970),,,Biography:CHENGXi2ming(1970),male,candidateforPhD.,(,100081):,,(MH2Ni,ZEBRA),,,,MH2Ni,,,,,,,,,,,:;;;;;;;:TM911.4:A:10022087X(2001)0120047206OverviewofenergystoragetechnologyforelectricvehiclesCHENGXi2ming,SUNFeng2chun(BeijingInstituteofTechnology,Beijing100081,China)Abstract:Developmentofenergystoragetechnologyforelectricvehicles(EVs)anddifferentrequirementsoftractionbatteriesforvariousEVswerestated.Thetechnicalstatus,theadvantagesandthedisadvantagesofvarioustractionbatteries,suchaslead2acid,Ni2Cd,Ni2MH,Li2ion,LPB,ZEBRA,etc.,wereanalyzedem2phatically.Lowerspecificenergyitperforms,lead2acidbatteryhasbeenappliedinEVscommonlyduetoitsripetechnologyandlowcost.Nickelmetalbatteries,especiallyNi2MHbattery,whichhavehigherspecificenergyandspecificpower,havebeencommercializedandhavesubstitutedforlead2acidbatteryasthepowerofEVs.Comparedwiththetwobatteriesmentionedabove,Li2ionbatteryhasmuchhigherspecificenergy,andspecificpoweraswellaslongcyclelifeandenvironmentalfriendlyfeature,thusithasbeentheprogramofgeneralinter2est.Fuelcell,supercapacitorandflywheelbatterywerealsointroduced.DevelopmentoftractionbatteriesaredirectlyinterrelatedwiththerequirementsofEVs.AstheEVsweredevelopedquickly,theirauxiliarytractionbatteriesshouldprovidehighspecificpowertoimprovethekineticandeconomicperformance.Keywords:electricvehicle;tractionbattery;highenergybattery;highpowerbattery;ultrahighpowerbat2tery;fuelcell;supercapacitor;flywheelbattery1859(GastonPlante),1881,,,:,,1%,,58h,(Wh/L,Wh/kg)(W/L,W/kg),,1990,19911USABC,,1,2000;EPRIUS2ABC,DOEUSABC,50%74ChineseJournalofPowerSourcesVol.25No.1Feb.2001©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(2000)Mid2termtargetMarkettarget(2010)LongtermtargetEnergydensity/(WhL-1)135230300Powerdensity/(WL-1)250300600Specificenergy/(Whkg-1)80100150200Specificpower/(Wkg-1)150200300400Cyclelife/(80%DOD)60010001000Operatingambienttemperature/-30+65-40+85Cost/(kWh-1)150150100,,HEB(HighEnergyBattery)HPB(HighPowerBattery)UHPB(UltrahighPowerBattery)PEV(PureElectricVehicle),,,,;HEV(HybridElectricVehicle),,,,()HEV,APU(AuxiliaryPowerUnit)HEV,,,,,HEVUSABCHEV50V,850V400V,222004USABC()HEVTab.2PerformancetargetofUSABCfordualmodeHEVtractionbatteriesupto2004ItemBatteryunitcell50V50Vmodule400V400VfullsubsystemDualmodeAssistpowerDualmodeAssistpowerDualmodeAssistpower10s10sratioofpowertoenergy/(WWh-1)251002510025100Specificenergy/(Whkg-1)6012459428Energydensity/(WhL-1)1352765135591)Cyclelife105k250k125k210k120k200kCost/(kWh-1)1507901809501901000:1)Thecyclelifewasdeterminedaccordingtothespecifictestingconditions.(Lead2acid)(Cd2NiMH2Ni)(Li2ionLi2polymer)(NaNiCl2Sodium2sulfur)(Zinc2air),3(Supercapacitor)(Flywheel),(PEMFCDMFC)1[125],,(),ZEBRA1.1,,:PbSO4+2H2OPbO2+3H++HSO-4+2e-H++PbSO4+2e-Pb+HSO-42PbSO4+2H2OPb+PbO2+H++2HSO-4,FLAB(Flood2edlead2acidbattery)VRLAB(Valveregulatedlead2acidbattery),,();,,[5]VRLAB19923ALABC(AdvancedLead2acidBatteryConsor2tium),(VRLAB),4400,35Wh/kg,160kmHawker,DelphiElec2trosourceGNB,Exide,Panasonic12V/150Ah,40Wh/kg(C/5)2000BJD2EV610039612V/100Ah,33Wh/kg1.2Cd2NiMH2Ni,Cd2Ni84:ChineseJournalofPowerSourcesVol.25No.1Feb.2001©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(C3)6085100568560m/kg21-12.52-12.2Specificenergy/(Whkg-1)354455357068Specificpower/(Wkg-1)300,50%DOD450,100%SOC122,80%DOD500,100%SOC200,80%DOD600Energydensity/(WhL-1)94---170160Powerdensity/(WL-1)----6001400Cyclelife800,80%DOD700,80%DOD2000,80%DOD--20000,HEV4ALABC[4]Tab.4ProgressandperformancetargetofALABClead2acidprojectTargetSpecificenergy/(Whkg-1)Specificpower80%DOD/(Wkg-1)1)CycleslifeChargedunration/minCost/(kWh-1)1998Levelin19984815080050%,380%,10100%,30100Goal5015050050%,580%,15100%,4h150:1)SFUDSCyclelifewastestedaccordingtotheSFUDS(SimplifiedFederalUrbanDrivingSchedule).,CitroenSaxoPeugeotPartnerRenaultExpress,Cd2NiSaftCd2Ni,55Wh/kg100Wh/L200W/kg(80%DOD)2000(80%DOD),99.96%[6],Cd2NiMH2Ni,2060,70PhilipsLaNi5MH2Ni,,80PhilipsLaNi2.5Co2.5,MH2Ni,90,MH2Ni,USABC2000MH2Ni,,:Ni(OH)2+OH-NiOOH+H2O+e-M+H2O+e-MH+OH-Ni(OH)2NiOOH+MHMH2Ni,,,MH2NiCd2Ni,MH2Ni95Wh/kg[7],MH2Ni900W/kg[8];,1000(80%DOD),-30+55,MH2Ni[9]MH2Ni,1996SolectriaSunriseOvonicMH2Ni,601.4km(373.7miles)[11]1997,ToyotaRAVA4EVHondaEVPLUSMH2Ni;1998GMEV1GM01MH2Ni,260km,096km/h8s,MH2Ni,Ovonic,Saft,Varta,PanasonicMH2Ni1.390,MH2Ni,,,,,,()(),,,,LIB(Lithium2ionbat2tery)PLB(Polymerlithium2ionbattery),5LIB,USABC2000LIB100Wh/kg,LIB1000W/kg,1000LIB,,LIB,19977NissanAltraEVSonyLA4LIB(94Ah,28.8V,90Wh/kg,300W/kg,30kg)94ChineseJournalofPowerSourcesVol.25No.1Feb.2001©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.htt