电动车悬架系统设计

本科生毕业设计（说明书）I摘要随着汽车工业技术的发展，人们对汽车的行驶平顺性，操纵稳定性以及乘坐舒适性和安全性的要求越来越高。汽车行驶平顺性反映了人们的乘坐舒适性，而舒适性则与悬架密切相关。因此，悬架系统的开发与设计具有很大的实际意义。本次设计主要研究的是比亚迪F3轿车的前、后悬架系统的硬件选择设计，计算出悬架的刚度、静挠度和动挠度及选择出弹簧的各部分尺寸，并且通过阻尼系数和最大卸荷力确定了减振器的主要尺寸，最后进行了横向稳定杆的设计以及汽车平顺性能的分析。本设计在轿车前后悬架的选型中均采用独立悬架。其中前悬架采用当前家庭轿车前悬流行的麦弗逊悬架。前、后悬架的减振器均采用双向作用式筒式减，后悬则采用半拖曳臂式独立悬架振器。这种结构的设计，有效的提高了乘座的舒适性和驾驶稳定性。采用CAXA软件分别绘制前后悬架的装配图和部分主要零件图。关键词：悬架；平顺性；弹性元件；阻尼器；本科生毕业设计（说明书）IIAbstractWiththedevelopmentoftheautomobileindustryofmotorvehiclesonridecomfort,handlingandstabilityaswellascomfortandsafetyoftheincreasinglydemanding,VehicleRidealsocloselyrelatedwiththesuspension.Therefore,thedesignofthesuspensionsystemhasapracticalsignificance.ThemaindesignofthestudyisBYDF3carfrontandrearthesuspensionsystemofchoiceofhardwaredesign,calculatethesuspensionstiffness,staticanddynamicdeflectiondeflection.Bydampingandunloadingofthelargestabsorberidentifiedthemaindimensions.Finally,thedesignofthehorizontalstabilizer.Thedesignofthecarbeforeandafterthesuspensionareusedintheselectionofindependentsuspension.SuspensionofthemadoptedbeforethecurrentfamilysedanbeforehangingpopularMcPhersonsuspension,wassuspendedafteradragarmsuspension.Beforeandafterthesuspensionoftheshockabsorberhaveadoptedatwo-wayrole-ShockAbsorber.Thedesignofthisstructure,effectivelyraisingtheofcomfortanddrivingstability.ByCAXAsoftwareweredrawnbeforeandafterthesuspensionoftheassemblyandpartsplans.Keywords:suspension;ridecomfort;elasticelement;buffer;本科生毕业设计（说明书）III目录摘要...................................................................................................................IAbstract....................................................................................................................II目录................................................................................................................III第1章绪论..........................................................................................................11.1悬架系统概述............................................................................................11.2悬架的构成和类型....................................................................................31.2.1构成.................................................................................................31.2.2类型.................................................................................................31.3课题研究的目的及意义............................................................................4第2章前、后悬架结构的选择............................................................................52.1悬架的结构形式........................................................................................52.2非独立悬架................................................................................................52.3独立悬架....................................................................................................62.4前后悬架方案的选择...............................................................................72.5主要元件....................................................................................................82.5.1弹性元件...........................................................................................82.5.2减振器...............................................................................................92.6辅助元件....................................................................................................92.6.1横向稳定器.............................................................................................92.6.2缓冲块...................................................................................................10第3章技术参数确定与计算..............................................................................113.1悬架性能参数的选择..............................................................................113.2悬架的自振频率......................................................................................113.3侧倾角刚度..............................................................................................123.4悬架的动、静挠度选择..........................................................................12第4章弹性元件的设计计算..............................................................................144.1前悬架弹簧..............................................................................................144.2后悬架弹簧..............................................................................................15第5章悬架导向机构的设计..............................................................................17本科生毕业设计（说明书）IV5.1导向机构设计要求..................................................................................175.2麦弗逊独立悬架示意图..........................................................................175.3导向机构受力分析..................................................................................185.4横臂轴线布置方式..................................................................................205.5导向机构的布置参数..............................................................................205.5.1侧倾中心.......................................................................................