福特汽车NVH（噪声）知识培训教材

1.1NVHOverviewNVH概论FordMotorCompanyVehicleAttributesEngineering福特汽车公司整车设计部门VehicleNVHAwarenessJ.Juan/M.Haffey1WhatisNVH?什么是NVH呢？Noise-whatthecustomerhears噪声-指的是顾客所能听到的声音—Soundmainlyinthe20HZ~10000HZfrequencyrange.—声音的频率大体上在20赫兹到10000赫兹之间。—Characterizedbyfrequency,levelandquality.—通过频率、级别和音质来描述。Vibration-Whatthecustomerfellsandsees.振动-指的是顾客所感觉到的和看到的。—Motionsensedbythebodymainlyinthe0.5HZ~50HZfrequencyrange.—身体所能感知运动的频率范围通常在0.5赫兹到50赫兹之间。—Characterizedbyfrequency,levelanddirection.—通过频率、振幅和方向来描述。Harshness-Combinedeffectsofnoiseandvibration不舒适性-指的是噪声和振动的综合影响。—Rough,gratingordiscordantsensations.—粗野的，刺耳的或不和谐的感觉。VehicleNVHAwareness1.1NVHOverview2NVHmustfulfilllegalrequirements.NVH必须满足法定的要求。NVHshouldprovidetheacoustical/tactilefeedbackforsafeandconfidentdriving.NVH应该使乘员在驾驶方面有安全和自信的感觉。—Linktooperatingconditions.—在各种操作环境。—Connectiontoearth.—在各种路面。NVHshouldavoidanynegativeperception.NVH应该避免任何不好的感觉。—unpleasant,unrefined,unexpected,andannoyingevents.—令人不愉快的，粗俗的，意料之外的和令人讨厌的事情。NVHcanexceedcustomerexpectations.NVH应该能超过顾客的期望值。VehicleNVHAwareness1.1NVHOverview3NVHObjectivesNVH的目标NVHlinktocustomersatisfactionNVH反映了消费者满意的程度TGR—Pressreview(examples)TGR—媒体评论（例如）“…Fiestahasasurprisinglyquiet&wellrefinedengine”“…Fiesta有一台令人惊讶的安静而且舒适的发动机”“…[F150]rideissmoothquietwiththe4.6L”“…[F150]乘坐舒适安静的4.6升发动机汽车”TGR—ThingsGoneWrong20%~30%ofTGWisNVHrelated.TGR—所抱怨的事情20%~30%抱怨的产生都是与NVH有关系的。VehicleNVHAwareness1.1NVHOverview4NVHRelatedOtherVehicleNVHAwareness1.1NVHOverview5NVHLinkstoCompanyProfitNVH关系着公司的利益15~29%ofwarrantycosthasnoiseasaconditioncode.15~29%的保修的费用是花费在与噪声有关的。1994modelyear,36MIS,warrantycostassociatedwithallnoisewas$346million–18%oftotalwarranty.94年型车，3年的在用车，在噪声方面的保修费用是3.46亿美元—占总费用的18%。NoiseAssociatedWarrantyOtherWarrantyVehicleNVHAwareness1.1NVHOverview6NVHLinkstoCompanyProfitNVH关系着公司的利益NVHPrototypecostreductionopportunity.COMBINEDCOSTBREAKDOWNPROTOTYPECOSTCONTRIBUTION综合成本明细样机花费的组成(TASE+SAFETY+NVH)（TASE+安全设备+NVH）41%25%16%9%2%7%PROTOTYPESLABORTESTCPUPROTO/MAT'LOTHER0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%%TOTALATTRIBUTECOSTSAFETYTASENVHATTRIBUTESTotalCost=$303M(BaseonTASE,Safety,NVHCostofAttributeStudies总支出=3.03亿美元（基于TASE，安全，NVH的研究费用）VehicleNVHAwareness1.1NVHOverview7SoundGenerationMechanism产生噪声的原理Multiplemechanismsgenerateavariabilityofvehiclesound.汽车所产生噪声的原理是多种多样的。CombustionAirflow,pumping燃烧气流，进排气ImpactsbetweencomponentsAirflow,turbulences零件之间的撞击气流，(液体或气体的)紊乱FrictioncontactofcomponentsSurfaceroughness构件之间的摩擦粗糙的表面RotatingpartsUnbalancemasses旋转的部件不平衡块FlowinpipesTireforcevariation在管中的流动轮胎压力的变化VehicleNVHAwareness1.1NVHOverview8VehicleSounds汽车的噪声CombustionnoisewindnoiseGearrattleBearingknock燃烧的噪声风的噪声齿轮传动的声音轴承的敲击声DieselknockingSunroofnoiseGearwhineElectricwindows柴油机的敲击声遮阳顶棚的噪声齿轮的声音电动窗的噪声ValvetrainDoorslamGearlevertizzTirenoise气阀机构的噪声门的砰的声音变速杆换档的噪声轮胎的噪声FEADnoiseCentrallockingDrivelineclonkExhaustnoiseFEAD噪声中央门锁的噪声动力传动系统的噪声排气噪声PASnoiseSwitchnoiseDrivelinethrashSqueaksandrattles动力转向系统的声音开关的噪声动力传动系统的噪声吱吱声和喀嚓声FuelpumpnoiseIndicatortickingRoadnoiseWatersplashnoise燃油泵的噪声指示器的滴答声道路的噪声水溅的噪声AlternatorwhineWindscreenwipenoiseImpactharshnessIntakenoise交流发电机的噪声挡风玻璃的噪声撞击振动声通风口的噪声VehicleNVHAwareness1.1NVHOverview9NVHPhenomenaNVH现象OPERATINGCONDITION操作环境DESCRIPTION描述SOURCE资源Pass-ByDecelerationCruiseAccelerationIdleStaringVehicleNVHAwareness1.1NVHOverview10VehicleNoiseExamples汽车的噪声举例WindNoise(80mphHST)-1/12thOctaveSpectrum.风的噪声（80英里每小时的高速试验）1/12倍频程频率VehicleNVHAwareness1.1NVHOverview11VehicleNoiseExamples汽车噪声举例RoadNoise(40mphRoughRd.)-NarrowSpectrum.道路噪声（40英里每小时在粗糙路面之上）-窄频。VehicleNVHAwareness1.1NVHOverview12VehicleNoiseExamples汽车噪声举例PowerNoise(WOT)-Loudness&speechIntelligibility.动力系统噪声（WOT）-响度以及说话的清晰度VehicleNVHAwareness1.1NVHOverview13SubjectiveImpression主观感受Createdbythebrainbasedon:建立在头脑感觉的基础之上：—database,dataanalysis“Thissoundslikeanengine”资料库，数据分析“这种噪声如同一台发动机”—experience“Ihaveheadavarietyofengines”经验“我听到了发动机的声音”—bias“…hasneverbuiltgoodengines”偏见“…从来没有生产过好的发动机”—……CompanyusesVERStoproduceconsistentratings.公司用定额指标的方法生产产品。EngineeringRatingIndex工程额定指标EvaluationofattributePerformance品质性能评价CustomerSatisfaction(forthisattribute)消费者的满意度（对于品质方面）ImprovementDesiredby渴望得到改进的人…3Notacceptable不能接受的VeryDissatisfied很不满意AllCustomers所有的消费者……6acceptable可以接受的FairlyWellSatisfied还算感到满意CriticalCustomers爱挑剔的顾客……10Excellent优秀CompletelySatisfied完全满意NotPerceptible很少的顾客…VehicleNVHAwareness1.1NVHOverview14Subjective/ObjectiveCorrelation主观与客观的相互关系Objectivemeasureisrequiredfortargetsetting/cascading.客观的方法需要满足目标的设置和层次。VehicleNVHAwareness1.1NVHOverview15RoadNVHTargetCascade道路NVH目标层次RoadNVH(1)BodyAcoustic&Vibrationsensitivities(4)AirborneNoise(3)StructureborneNVH(2)SuspensionForceInputinBody(5)PointMobiles(8)BodyModes(9)BodyStructure(10)PanelDamping&NoiseIsolation(11)SeatVibrationTransmissibility(12)Seatmodes(13)SleepingcolumnVIBSensitivity(14)Powertrainmodes(15)Body/Frame/SubframeForceTransmissibility(16)SuspensionForceTransmissibility(19)Body/Frame/SubframeMounts(17)Frame/SubframeModes(18)SuspensionMounts(20)SuspensionFriction/sticktion(21)ShockDamping(22)SuspensionGeometry(23)Road/Tire