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理科Q521308062115分类号学号密级10722公开鸡肝DNA的提取与定量分析TheExtractionandQuantitativeofChickenLiver’DNA作者姓名指导教师学科门类提交论文日期专业名称学校代码成绩评定贾洋化学严少普2015年4月摘要I摘要随着科学技术的不断进步，人们越来越多的了解到生物工程对人类社会的巨大帮助，特别是基因工程。通过对生物体内DNA的提取与分析，充分的了解生物繁衍的奥秘，也通过对DNA的研究研发出许多可以用于医学治疗药物和疾病预防的方法，提高了人类的生活质量。鉴于前面学者们对DNA的研究，设计出了许多关于DNA提取的方法，而且都已相对比较成熟。文章以咸阳市咸阳师范学院附近的鸡为研究对象，通过盐析法对鸡的肝脏中的DNA进行提取，然后再通过紫外可见分光光度法和定磷法法对DNA进行定量分析，最终确定所提取的DNA的含量。通过称量共从9g鸡肝中提取出0.532gDNA粗提物，通过两种定量分析方法对粗提物进行定量分析可知提取率并不是很高，用紫外可见分光光度法测得的粗提DNA溶液浓度大约为22.95μg/ml，可算出DNA的含量为0.0013g/g；用定磷法测得DNA的含量为0.0011g/g，说明两种检测方法的精确度有差异，但不是很明显。通过与其他研究人员的实验数据作对比可知蛋白质去除不是很理想。关键词：鸡肝；DNA；盐析法；紫外可见；定磷法AbstractIIAbstractWiththeprogressofscienceandtechnology,moreandmorepeopleunderstandthatbio-engineeringhumansocietyagreathelp,especiallygeneticengineering.ThroughtheinvivoDNAextractionandanalysis,afullunderstandingofthemysteriesofbiologicalreproduction,butalsothroughthestudyofDNAisdevelopedmanywaysformedicaltreatmentanddiseaseprevention,improvethequalityofhumanlife.GiventhepreviousresearchontheDNAofscholars,wedevisedanumberofmethodsonDNAextraction,andarerelativelymature.ArticlesinXianyangCity,XianyangNormalUniversitynearbychickenforthestudy,bysaltingofchickenliverDNAwasextracted,andthenbyUV-visiblespectrophotometryandphosphorusmeasurementmethodforquantitativeanalysisofDNA,andultimatelydeterminethethecontentoftheextractedDNA.Weighingapparenttotalchickenliverextractfrom9gout0.532gcrudeextracts,twoquantitativeanalysisofcrudeextractquantitativeanalysisshowsthattheextractionrateisnotveryhigh,withaUV-visiblespectrophotometrymeasuredcrudeextractDNAconcentrationofabout22.95μg/ml,canbecalculatedDNAcontentof0.0013g/g;asmeasuredbyagivenDNAphosphoruscontentof0.0011g/g,illustratetheaccuracyofthetwomethodsaredifferent,butnotveryclear.Withtheexperimentaldataofotherresearchersfoundthattheproteinremovalforcomparisonisnotverysatisfactory.Keywords:chickenliver;DNA;phenol-chloroform;ultravioletandvisible;Phosphorusdeterminationmethod目录III目录摘要.............................................................................................................................I前言.............................................................................................................................11文献综述...................................................................................................................21.1研究发展状况及目的......................................................................................21.2DNA的发展状况.............................................................................................21.2.1DNA的概念...........................................................................................21.2.2DNA的特性...........................................................................................21.3方法..................................................................................................................31.3.1提取方法的简介....................................................................................31.3.2测定及分析方法简介............................................................................31.4本文使用的方法..............................................................................................52实验部分...................................................................................................................72.1药品试剂与仪器设备......................................................................................72.1.1药品试剂................................................................................................72.1.2仪器设备................................................................................................72.2材料处理..........................................................................................................82.2.1采取鸡肝................................................................................................82.2.2鸡肝的预处理........................................................................................82.3鸡肝中DNA的提取.......................................................................................82.3.1提取原理................................................................................................82.3.2DNA的提取...........................................................................................82.3.3实验中注意事项....................................................................................92.4提取实验中实验试剂的配置..........................................................................92.4.1盐溶液的配制........................................................................................92.4.2异戊醇-氯仿混合液..............................................................................92.5紫外可见分光光度法......................................................................................92.5.1实验过程................................................................................................92.5.2注意事项..............................................................................................102.6定磷法......................................................................................................