初中英语语法冠词专项练习一.概念冠词是一个虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义.冠词可分为定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类.二.相关知识点精讲不定冠词:1.a用于辅音发音开头的词前,如:abook;an用于元音发音开头的词前,如:anapple,anhour.请区别:ausefulmachine,anumbrella,a“u”,an“h”。1.a/an用于单数可数名词前。abookaboyamanabirdadoganhouraninterestingbookabigdogadangerousaminal【练习】判断正误:astory()abread()apaper()abag()aprettywoman()aschool()ausefulbook()2.表示类别:这种用法是指某人或某物属于某一种类,或者指某一种类的人或物中的任何一个或一件,或者指某一种类的人或物,但不具体说明是何人或何物。例如:Thatisapen,notapencil.那是钢笔而不是铅笔。(指属于某一种类)Givehimapear,please!请给他一个梨。(指某一种类中的任何一个)Listen!Aboyissingingintheclassroom.3.和one的区别:a/an表示类别种类One强调数量abus(表示是一辆公交车而不是一辆小汽车也不是火车)onebus(强调是一辆车而不是两辆或三辆)Thereisacatunderthechair.椅子下面有一只猫。(强调种类)Thereisonecatunderthechair.椅子下边有一只猫。(强调数量)4.表示基本单位,作“每一”讲。例如:threetimesaday,10yuanakilosixclassadaythirtymilesanhour等。定冠词:一:the表示特指。表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个,以别于同类中其他的人或事物,相当于汉语中的“那个”或“这个”的意思。thebookinmybagtheboyunderthetreetheapplesinthebasketthehospitalnearmyhome二:可以和单、复数名词,也可以和不可数的名词连用。thebooksthebookthericethebreadthefootballtheoldmantheinterestingbooktheteachersthewomen三:用法:1).定冠词的最基本的用法是“特指”:表示某个或某些特定的人或物。Doyouknowthegirlinaredskirt?你认识那个穿红裙子的女孩吗?BeijingisthecapitalofChina.北京是中国的首都。2).再次提到上文提到过的人或物,应该用定冠词the。例如:Tomhasanapple,Theappleisbigandred.Thereisaboyunderthetree.Theboyismybrother.3).指谈话双方都知道的人或物。例如:Let’sgoandgiveittotheteacher.咱们去把它交给老师吧。Openthedoor,please!请打开门。4).用于某些固定词组中。例如:inthemorning/afternoon/evening等。5).用在形容词前表示一类人。theold老人theyoung年轻人therich富裕的人thepoor_________thedeaf__________theblind____________6).用在表示“姓”的复数名词前,表示一家人或夫妇二人。例如:TheWhitesarespendingtheirholidayinEngland.TheGreenscametoChinatwoyearsago.7).用在由普通名词构成的表示场所的专有名词前。theGreatWall长城theSummerPlace颐和园theUnitedStates美国theOctoberRevolution十月革命theChinesePeople’sLiberationArmy中国人民解放军theLongMarch长征8).用在序数词或形容词最高级前ThefirstthingIwanttosayistolistencarefullyinclass.Heisthetallestoneinourclass.9).世界上独一无二的事物等(月亮、地球、天空、宇宙)theglobe太阳系theuniverse宇宙theatmosphere大气层Thesunrisesintheeast.Theearthgoesroundthesun.10).在世纪,年代名词前用冠词。inthe1980s或inthe1980’s20世纪80年代inthenineteenthcentury二十世纪11).在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用the。theChangjangRiver长江theWestLake西湖thePacificOcean太平洋12).在介词短语中常用定冠词the,如:inthebox,behindthechair。13).不能用定冠词the的几个方面:(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如:insummer,inAugust请区别:inthespringof1945.(这里表示特指,故加the)(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如:havebreakfast,playfootball(3)一些固定词组中,如:gotobed,gotoschool,bybus,atnight.14).在有些词组中,有冠词和无冠词意思不同,请注意区别:infrontof在…前面,inthefrontof在…范围内的前部inhospital(生病)住院,inthehospital在医院里。零冠词:一:所谓零冠词,即指不使用冠词的情况:二:用法:1)在物质名词,抽象名词前不用冠词Thedeskismadeofwood.Whatiswork?Workisstruggle2)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,ChinaMaryLileiMr.Green3).在星期、月份,季节等名词前;SundayMarchsummerwinter4)名词前有物主代词,指示代词,不定代词,名词所有格修饰时(this,my,that,those,these,her)如:thismorningmypenyourwatchwhosebike等5)在球类运动、一日三餐、学科和语言的名词前如:havebreakfastplaychessplaybasketball(注意在乐器前必须加定冠词如弹钢琴playthepianoplaytheviolin)6)当by与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;bybusbytrainbycarbyairbybikebyplane(注意如果用介词on表示乘坐交通工具必须用a或an来表示如inabusonabike等)7)有些个体名词不用冠词;如:school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义;gotohospital去医院看病gotothehospital去医院(并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)练习:1()1HanMeimeiis___Chinesegirl.Lucyis____Englishgirl.A.a;aB.an;anC.a;anD.an;a()2Alittleboywrote____Uand___nonthewall.A.a;anB.an;aC.an;anD.a;a()3_____oldladyinbrownis____universityprofessor.A.An;aB.An;/C.The;anD.The;a()4Therearesixtyminutesin____hour.A.anB.theC.aD./()5Thisis____interestingbookanditisalso____usefulone.A.an;anB.an;theC.an;aD.a;a()6Acomputeris____usefultoolin____worldtoday.A.an;theB.a;theC.the;theD.a;a2()1Wehaveneverseen____interestingfilm.A.suchB.suchanC.soD.sucha()2MrsSmithis____friendof__A.the;mineB.a;meC.the;myD.a;mine()3Heis___boy.A.aseven-years-oldB.aneight-year-oldC.theseven-year-oldD.aneight-year-older()4Fancysaw____accidentinthestreetyesterday.A.theB.aC.anD./()5Nowheis___artist.1haveknownhimsincehewas___one-year-oldboy.A.a;anB.a;aC.an;anD.an;a3()1.Whichbigger___elephantor___horse?A.a;theB.an;aC.the;anD.an;the()2____monkeycanclimb____trees.A./;theB.A;/C.The;aD./;/()3____rainsarefasterthan____buses.A./;/B.The;/C./;theD.The;a()4-HaveyoulearnedGerman?-Yes.It's___languageI'veeverlearned.A.aquitedifficultB:quiteadifficultC.difficultquiteD.difficultaquite()5Someanimals,like____cat,____dogor____wolf,donotneedtohibernate(冬眠).A./;/;theB.the;the;theC.a;/;the,D.the;/;/冠词1.MrWanghasworkedas______Englishteacherformorethan10years.A./B.aC.anD.the答案:C【解析】考查冠词。修饰Englishteacher,排除B。句意:作为一位英语老师,故选C。2、.----Howlongdoesittakeustogotoyourhometownfromhere?----Ittakesushourormoretogotomyhometownbytrain.A.an;aB.a;anC.an;/D.a;/【答案】C【解析】冠词的考察hour第一个字母h不发音,所以一小时应用anhour;by介词,当交通工具前无修饰词时,用介词by且名词前不用冠词。3、.—Whatusefulbookitis!—Yeah,ittellsyouhowtoplayguitar.A.an;theB.a;aC.a;theD.an;a答案:C【解析】本题考查的是冠词的用法。a用在以辅音(指辅音音素)开头的词前,an用在以元音(指元音音素)的词前。the表示特指。本题意思是,-这本书真有用。-是的,它告诉你怎么谈吉他。useful和guitar是以辅音音素开头,故本题选C。4、.Susanjoinedanartclubat___ageofsixandpaintswell.A.theB.anC.a答案:A【解析】冠词用法。attheageof为固定搭配,意为“在……岁时”,故选A。5、Myuncleis________engineer.Heworksveryhard.A.theB.aC.an答案:C【解析】考查冠词。表示“一个,一位”用a/an.此题engineer以元音音素开头,前用an.6、.Ahorseis_