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1音素和国际音标1．什么是音素：音素是语音的最小单位。2．音素的分类：元音和辅音。3．音素的个数：共48个，元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。4．什么是音标：记录音素的符号叫做音标。5．什么是国际音标：国际音标是由国际语音协会规定的一套音标，用来记录世界各主要语言的语音。7.开音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音+e:name,bike,home,due,plane,shineb)辅音+元音:he,go,hi,do,be,tree,three,hello8.闭音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音:bad,bed,sit,hot,cup,let,mad,mapb)元音+辅音:it,is,of,in,on,up,out,ant9.重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。语音的基本常识1、音节的划分：一个单词的音标中有几个元音就有几个音节。2、重读音节：任何双音节或多音节单词的音标中，有重读音节和非重读音节，哪一个音节重读，该音节的左上方或该音节的元音上方标有重读符号“'”。3、浊化音以sp__,st___,sk___开头的单词中，清辅音/p//t//k/分别要发浊辅音/b//d//g/。4、定冠词the的读音e.g.themanc.f.theoldman5、不完全爆破爆破音[p][b][t][d][k][g]后面紧跟另一个爆破音时，前面的那个爆破音只在口腔内形成阻碍，而不能完全读出。例如：basketballthepartoftheearth6、连读在一个短语或句子中，如果相邻两词的关系相等密切，而前一个词以辅音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，辅音和元素连在一起读。7、意群的停顿对于一个较长的句子，可以根据意思和结构将其分成几群,一个意群必须一口气说完。2元音12个单元音长元音[a:][ә:][i:][ɔ:][u:]短元音[Λ][ә][i][ɔ][u][æ][e]8个双元音[ai][ei][ɔi][iә][eә][uә][au][әu]辅音10对清辅音[p][t][k][f][s][∫][t∫][tr][θ][ts]浊辅音[b][d][g][v][z][3][d3][dr][ð][dz]3个鼻音[m][n][η]3个似拼音[h][r][l]2个半元音[w][j]3第一课元音[i:][i][ә:][ә]学习（一）[i:]发这个音的字母和字母组合eeaeee:mebesheheweeveningee:sweetbeesweepsheepseesleepthreegreenea:meatleafseapeateacheatclean根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中元音字母组合发音相同的两个词。1.seatrainbeancat2.giftfeetteacherdog3.pigstartreejeep4.sweetseafishthe（二）[i]发这个音的字母和字母组合ieyeyayi:pigfishinfifteensixshipthine:beginbehindjacketbasketbally:happyheavybusylorrycarrysunnylovelystudythirstytwentythirtywindyrainyey:monkeymoneyay:SundaySaturdayFriday根据发音规则，圈出每组中元音字母发音不相同的单词。1.sofasitkicklip2.inkgiftjamship3.handpicturebigsister4.hotlickpigjelly（三）[ә:]发这个音的字母和字母组合erirurearorer:herservetermir:birdgirlskirtfirstdirtyskirtshirtur:nurseThursdayturtlepurplecurtainear:earlylearnor:wordworkworld4根据发音规则，圈出每组中元音字母组合发音相同的单词。1.thirtybeerthirstywheat2.bankkinghernurse3.turtlebirdrabbitknee4.roomrunshirtterm（四）[ә]发这个音的字母和字母组合ureeraroraeure:pictureer:teacherbrotherdinnerfathersisterar:sugaror:doctora:pandaaboutabovecamerasofaChina根据发音规则，找出发[ә]的2个单词写在后面的横线上。1.mothersofaroadsmile2.sitfathersisterfood3.hairdeertigerChina4.sugarsoonearleader练习1.找出下列没有相同发音的词。()①hefeetbreadgreen()②pigisdogship()③thirtybirdherfood()④shebiginmoney()⑤sweetsfishteacherwe()⑥teachersisteraboutgirl()⑦tigerfirstworkshirt()⑧treebeancleanchin()⑨fatherdoctorskirtchina()⑩happyseasitpicture52.读音标写单词。[bi:][bә:d][si:][swi:t][‘bizi][hә:][‘dɔktә][‘sistә][li:f][hi:]3.连线。meat[ә:]thirsty[i:]driver[ә]animal[i:]第二课音标[ɔ:][ɔ][u:][u]学习（一）[ɔ:]发这个音的字母和字母组合aawaloroora:wateraw:drawstrawberryal:ballwallor:horsecornforkorshortoor:floordoor根据发音规则，找出发[ɔ:]的1个单词写在后面的横线上。1.tallbirdbreadpoor2.ideachairsporthare3.cakebearwalkcup4.drinkshortbagmilk（二）[ɔ]发这个音的字母和字母组合oao:foxcoffeedogshopdogdoctorlonga:watch根据发音规则，找出发[ɔ:]的2个单词写在后面的横线上。1.doctorteacherboxclothes2.coldzooclockdog3.lovebosslotviolin4.watchbeachfoxgirl6（三）[u:]发这个音的字母和字母组合ooouio:dowhowhoseoo:foodmoontooui:fruitjuiceu:rulerrude根据发音规则，找出不发[u:]的单词。1.juicemoonzoopanda2.toothbroomeyespoon3.headbootnoodlespool4.nooncoolbootwatch（四）[u]发这个音的字母和字母组合ooouo:womanwolfoo:lookgoodbookfootwoodu:bullbullet根据发音规则，选出与其它单词元音发音不相同的单词。1.mouthbooklookpull2.pushtapesugarfoot3.woodkindwolfbull4.bulletwoodcookname练习一．抄写音标，一个抄写10遍,一边抄写一边读。[u]：[u:]：[ɔ]：[ɔ:]：二．找出下列没有相同发音的词。()①moonfoodeatfruit()②truebookwoodlook()③foursmallwalkbird()④gotclockshopshirt()⑤busfootpushbook7()⑥lostballlongox()⑦rulerdogmooncakeblue()⑧bigshiphorseit四.写出单词或音标。[bru:m][dɔ:][sit][bә:d][fut][wi:][dɔg][‘sistә]lookdowatergoodtoofootclockfirstworksisterdoctorsea五.将下列单词与正确的音标用线连起来。hot[blu:]football[huk]blue[ki:s]hook[futbɔ:l]kiss[hɔt]第三课音标[a:][Λ][æ][e]练习（一）[a:]发这个音的字母和字母组合aaraueara:grassglassclassplantdancefastfatherlastar:carstararmMarchgardendarkscarfau:laughauntear:heart根据发音规则，圈出发[a:]的2个单词。1.armlipdoctorcard2.cloudcartgardengate3.ballscarfdarktiger4.joblorryMarchpark（二）[Λ]发这个音的字母和字母组合ouooou8o:soncomecolourlovemoneyu:sunnutjumpgumbusbrushsupperusou:touchcousincountry根据发音规则，找出每组中发[Λ]的单词。1.hearcupbedair2.voiceboyduckant3.vasecornbeargun4.cuteboymoneyher（三）[æ]发这个音的字母和字母组合aa:dadcapcatbadapplebagflaghandrabbitantblackfathas根据发音规则，找出每组中发[æ]的单词。1.ratbedfacesport2.hearcupfatpear3.ricebatfingertree4.seayoungknifeapple（四）[e]发这个音的字母和字母组合eeae:eggbelldesklegpettenpenea:breadheadbreakfast根据发音规则，找出每组中不发[e]的单词。1.catwelllegpen2.sweatmappetelephant3.eggtentalldesk4.breadheadbedtoy练习一．抄写音标，一个抄写5遍。[a:]：[Λ]：[æ]：[e]：____9二．选出下列没有相同发音的词。()1.cararmfoodgarden()2.truejumpbuscut()3.bagshortmapflag()4.eggpenheadsmall()5.gotclockbelldog()6.rabbitbookwoodfoot()7.ratbatappleten()8.gunstarduckmoneg三.写出单词或音标。［pa:st］[ru:m][swet][sit][fæt][gɔt][cΛp][shә:t]bagcarbusbreadstarhead四.选出下列每题中元音有几种读音，有一种读音的在（）里画☆,有两种读音的画△,有三种的画◇()1.hatfastcooklast()2.jeepdoorsungum()3.dadcaphandmap()4.starcarcutfrom()5.skirtsheepbirdher第四课元音音标[ei][ai][ɔi][au]练习（一）[ei]发这个音的字母和字母组合aaiaya:cakemakenamegamesnakegatelazyai:raintrainwaitay:dayMayplaytadayway根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发音不一样的单词。1.facewavesheeptail102.grapeplanenamecoat3.timetapetrainsnake4.rainsoapcaketrain（二）[ai]发这个音的字母和字母组合iyieuyi:kitebikenicetigerwriteknifey:bycryflymyskytrywhyie:tiepieuy:buy根据发音规则，找出每组中发[ai]的2个单词.1.ricegoodjamright2.shipmineice-creammouse3.cloudsittieeye4.writesmalltenniskite（三）[ɔi]发这个音的字母和字母组