2010中考复习精品资料代词

2010中考复习精品资料代词(一)知识概要英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。请看下表人称我你他她它我们你们他们主格iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。请看下表人称我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsoursyourthey名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代词可见下表人称我你他她它我们你们他们反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselfthemselves指示代词主要有this,that,these,those疑问代词有：who,whomwhose,what,which,还有疑问副词when,how,where,why。不定代词在初中课本中主要有some,any，many,much,each,neither,other,another,all,both,one,none,either…(二)正误辨析［误］Tom'smotheristallerthanmy.［正］Tom'smotheristallerthanmine.［析］形容词性物主代词可以作定语，也就是讲它可以作形容词，如：mybook，而这句话的意思是：汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。比较的对象是mymother,也就是mine。［误］Wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.Soweneedtwoorthreehourstofinishthem.［正］Wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.Soweneedtwoorthreehourstofinishit.［析］在应用代词时，要注意人称，格与数的一致性。这里it所代替的是不可数名词homework，所以应用it。［误］Heandyoushouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.［正］Youandheshouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.［析］这主要是英语习惯上的用法。当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为you,he,she,I,而复数时为we,you，they:如男女并列时，应先男后女，如：Heandshe…如果在表示不好意思，承担责任时，单数时用，I,he,she,you,复数时用They,you，we,如：TomandIaregoodfriends.You,heandImustgotoplaythegameforourteamthisafternoon.We,youandtheyhavebeentherebefore.I,heandyouhavetopayforit.［误］Heorhisbrotherisdoingtheirhomework.［正］Heorhisbrotherisdoinghishomework.［析］由either…or,neither…nor,or连接两个主语时，如果两主语是单数时，用单数代词，如两主语是复数时，用复数代词，如：Eitherteachersorstudentswanttodotheirbesttohelptheoldman.如是一单一复两名词时，一般将单数名词放在前，复数名词放在后，要用复数代词，如：Theteacherorhisstudentswillcleantheirclassroomtogether.［误］Hisbrotheristallerthanhim.［正］Hisbrotheristallerthanhe.［析］than是连词，其后应视为省略句，thanheis.所以要注意区分其主格与宾格的用法。Ilikeyouasmuchasshe.［正］Ilikeyouasmuchasher.［析］as…as其后也应看作是省略句。应为asIlikeher.所以应用宾格。而第一句应译为我像她那样喜欢你。两句语法都是对的但含义不同。［误］Myselfdidityesterday.［正］Imyselfdidityesterday.［正］Ididitmyselfyesterday.［析］反身代词不可作主语，但可以用作主语的同位语。［误］Takecareofourselves.［正］Takecareofyourselves.(yourself)［析］祈始句的主语应看作第二人称you.［误］Pleasebringyourdaughterwithyourself.［正］Pleasebringyourdaughterwithyou.［析］反身代词不能作介词宾语，除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语，如：Theoldwomanspoketoherself.［误］Makeyourselfhome.［正］Makeyourselfathome.［析］这是英语中的习惯用法，意为“像在家里一样”。这样的用法还有：enjoyoneself玩得开心makeyourselfathome像在家中一样helpyourselftosomething自己拿某物lostoneself迷路seatoneself就坐dressoneself穿衣［误］—Who'sthisspeaking.—That'sMary.［正］—Who'sthatspeaking.—ThisisMary.［析］在电话用语中，this指讲话人自己，而that指对方。［误］Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthisinwinter.［正］Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthoseinwinter.［析］在比较句中往往为了避免重复，可以用that或those取代前面提到的事物，如是单数时用that,复数时用those，如：TheweatherinBeijingishotterthanthatinChangChun.［误］Itissoagoodbookthateveryonelikestoread.［正］Itissuchagoodbookthateveryonelikestoread.［正］Itissogoodabookthateveryonelikestoread.［析］在可数名词单数时可用so+形容词+不定冠词+名词+that从句，也可用such+不定冠词+形容词+that从句。在不可数名词或可数名词复数时，只用such,如：ItissuchgoodweatherthatIwanttogoswimming.TheyaresuchgoodbooksthatIwanttobuythemall.在many,much,few,little这4个词前仅能用so,如：Shehassomuchmoneythatshecanbuyeverythingshewants.而在so与that之间仅存形容词时，则不能用such,如:Sheissosweetthateveryonelikesher.［误］Iwanttobuyasamedictionaryasyours.［正］Iwanttobuythesamedictionaryasyours.［析］same与定冠词the是固定搭配不可更改。这样的用法还有allthesame(仍然)。［误］—Ihopeshemightpasstheexam.—Idon'thopeso.［正］—Ihopeshemightpasstheexam.—Ihopenot.［析］在作肯定回答时，Ithinkso.Ihopeso.Ibelieveso.但作否定回答时为：Idon'tthinkso.Ihope/believenot.［误］—Hestudiedveryhardthisterm.—Soshedid.［正］—Hestudiedveryhardthisterm.—Sodidshe.［误］—Englishisdifficulttolearn.—Soisit.［正］—Englishisdifficulttolearn.—Soitis.［析］在对话中如果某一动作同时适用于两个主语，这时在答语中要用缩写且要用倒装句。如第一组句，即studiedhard既适用于he,也适用于she.但答语仅仅是对前句的重复，即仅仅是第一句的缩写时则不要用倒装句。如第二组句子为：英语难学。答语为：是的，难学。这时缩写的答语不要用倒装句。［误］Everyoneshoulddoone'sbest.［正］Everyoneshoulddohisbest.［析］one作代词时，它的复数形式是ones,所有格形式是one's，反身代词为oneself.如果讲Oneshoulddoone'sbest.则是对句。如果one与别的词组成其他词，如：someone,anyone,everyone或onlyone则要用his/her，来作其所有格形式。［误］—Whowonthegame?—None.［正］—Whowonthegame?—Noone.［析］由who提问的句子的否定回答中的简略说法是noone,而由Howmany提问的句子的否定回答中的简略语是None.如：Howmanybooksarethere?None.［误］Therearemanytreesoneithersidesofthestreet.［正］Therearemanytreesoneithersideofthestreet.［正］Therearemanytreesonbothsidesofthestreet.［析］either作代词时由两个含意，其一是两者中随便哪一个，如：Youcantakeeither.其二是两者中的每一个。但要注意的是either后要加单数名词，如果作主语则谓语动词也要用单数形式。［误］EitheryouorIareright.［正］EitheryouorIamright.［析］在either…or,或neither…nor连接两个主语时，其谓语动词要与和其相近的那个主语相配。［误］Ihavethreesisters.Neitherofthemisadoctor.［正］Ihavethreesisters.Noneofthemisadoctor.［析］neither用于两者中无一是，而none则用于多于两者中的人或事物无一是。［误］Hedoesn'tlikeBeijingopera.Idon'tliketoo.［正］Hedoesn'tlikeBeijingopera,Idon'tlikeeither.［析］either作为“也”讲时，要用于否定句中，而too则用于肯定句中。［误］Welikeboththislittleboy.［正］Webothlikethislittleboy.［析］both作同位语时，它在句中的位置有：在be动词之后，如：Wearebothstudents.在实意动词之前，如：Theparentsbothwanttogotothecinema.用于第一助动词之后，如：WehavebothreadtheseEnglishnovels.使用时要注意以下句子的实际含意：Bothofusarenotright.应译为：我们俩不都对。Neitherofusisright.才应译为：我俩都不对。又如：Ican'tgiveyoubothofthebooks.意为：两本书我不能全给你，而Ican'tgiveyoueitherofthebooks.才为：两本书我全不能给你。［误］Weeachhasaticketfortheconcert.［正］Weeachhaveaticketfortheconcert.［析］each作句子主语时其谓语动词要用单数形式，如：EachofuswantstolearnEnglishwell，但each作同位语时，则应以原名词的数为准。［误］Everyofushastopasstheexam.［正］Ea