虚拟发电厂

I摘要近几年来，尤其是进入新世纪后，伴随着我国经济的快速发展，新兴技术在电力领域中不断涌现，电力系统各大环节（发、输、配、送）中的传统技术都将面临被新兴技术替代的命运，新兴技术将直接应用于电力的生产、传输、配送和使用。而整体的发展趋势就是以分布式发电为主的智能电网，智能电网技术的发展使得新型电源的无缝并网成为了可能，因为它将通信、高级传感、自动控制等技术有机得结合，能够实现自我管理及自我恢复，并有很强的兼容性。分布式电源接入电网后，通过合理的应用智能电网技术，实现实时互动和协调运行将能够成为现实。在此背景下，虚拟发电厂(VirtualPowerPlant，VPP)技术应运而生，所谓虚拟发电厂实际上是指智能电网中的一种运行方式，在分散管理系统的监管下，虚拟发电厂能够为发电厂以及用户带来更大的经济效益并提供更高质量的电能服务。虚拟发电厂技术能够解决以往存在于分布式能源与清洁能源接入与控制环节中的难题。虚拟发电厂的概念起源于美国，已在欧美各国获得成功应用，被学术界认为是智能配电网的重要发展方向。本文详细阐述虚拟发电厂技术，介绍其概念、结构，研究VPP中主要的分布式电源的特性以及并网影响；除此之外，本文还将对虚拟发电厂技术在智能电网特别是智能调度中的应用做进一步的研究与讨论；最后提出VPP未来的发展方向。关键词：虚拟发电厂；分布式电源；智能电网IIABSTRACTWiththeworld'selectricityconsumptionisgrowing,newtechnologywilldirectlyaffecttheelectricityproduction,transmission,distributionanduse.Meanwhile,withtheadvantagesincludinghighflexibility,lowcostandlowlossaswellasenergystorage,cleanenergyandDistributiongeneration(DG)arefavorabletoenvironmentprotection.Innovativepowergenerationtechnologyhasalargespectrumincludingwindgenerator,fuelcells,biomassunit,microgasturbineandcombinedheatandpowerunitsetc.However,theincreasingnumberofDGsconnectedtothedistributionnetworkcauseslotsofdifficulttechnicaltroublesinthemonitoringandmanagementofdistributionsystem,therefore,itisofimportancetoresearchhowtoappropriatelyapplythesmartgridtechnologytoensuretheseamlessconnectionbetweenDGsanddistributionnetwork.Todevelopsmartgrids,activecontrolofbothdistributionnetworkandDGisneeded,andthatishowthe“VirtualPowerPlant”(VPP)conceptisbroughtup.TheVPPcanbedefinedas“aninformationandcommunicationsystemwithcontroloveranaggregationofdistributedgeneration,controllableloadsandstoragedevices”.Itsmainfunctionistocontrolthesupplyandmanagetheelectricalenergyflownotonlywithinthecluster,butalsoinexchangewiththemaingrid.Itrepresentsasingleentitytothesystemoperatorandelectricitymarketsandenablesvisibilityandcontroloveraclusterofdistributedgeneration.Thisdissertationresearchfocusedonthevirtualpowerplanttechnology,TheVPPtechnologyisdiscussedindetailed.ThemajoraspectsthatdeterminethedesignofaVPParethetechnologicalpossibilities,commercialandeconomicalopportunitiesandregulatoryconstraints.Inthefollowingthemajortechnical,commercialandregulatoryaspectsconcerningtheVPPdesignarediscussed.KeyWords:SmartGrid,VirtualPowerPlant,DistributedGenerationIII目录摘要.................................................................................................................................IABSTRACT..................................................................................................................II目录............................................................................................................................III第1章绪论..................................................................................................................11.1选题背景和意义............................................................................................11.2国内外研究现状............................................................................................21.3多代理系统的基本原理................................................................................41.3.1多代理系统的基本概念....................................................................41.3.2多代理系统在虚拟电厂运行中的优点............................................4第2章虚拟发电厂技术..............................................................................................62.1引言................................................................................................................62.2虚拟发电厂的概念........................................................................................62.3虚拟发电厂的结构........................................................................................72.4虚拟发电厂的分类........................................................................................82.4.1商业型虚拟电厂CVPP....................................................................82.4.2技术型虚拟电厂TVPP....................................................................92.5虚拟发电厂的控制方式..............................................................................102.6虚拟发电厂的通信结构..............................................................................112.7虚拟发电厂的运行.....................................................................................122.8虚拟发电厂与微电网..................................................................................14第3章多代理系统在虚拟发电厂中的应用研究....................................................153.1引言..............................................................................................................153.2多代理系统..................................................................................................153.2.1多代理系统概念..............................................................................153.2.2MAS的结构分类............................................................................163.2.3MAS的通讯机制与协调平台.......................................................163.2.4MAS在虚拟电厂中的提出...........................................................173.3基于MAS的VPP协调控制系统设计..................................................193.3.1基于MAS