2010年12月大学英语四级考试模拟题十一

听力课堂,开放式外语学习平台！TingClass.com声明：本资料由听力课堂网站收集整理，仅供英语爱好者学习使用，资料版权属于原作者。-1-2010年12月大学英语四级考试模拟题十一PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions：Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic：StylesofLiving.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese：1.有些人愿意和父母居住在一起2.有些人想自己独立居住3.我的看法StylesofLivingPartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions：Inthispart，youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7，markY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.HowIceCreamWorksTheU.S.icecreamindustrysellsaboutamilliongallonsoficecreameachyear，dispensingcones，gallons，pints，sundaesandotherdessertsthroughgrocerystoresandicecreamshops.Infact，eightpercentofallthemilkproducedintheU.S.endsupinafrozendairyproduct.IceCreamorFrozenDessert?Notjustanyfrozentreatcanbecalledicecream.Infact，theU.S.DepartmentofAgriculturehasspecificrulesthatdefinewhatcanandcan‘tbelabeled“icecream”。Tobearthe“MeetsUSDAIngredientStandardforIceCream”stamp，ithastocontainatleast10percentmilkfat，andaminimumofsixpercentnon-fatmilksolids.Agallonhastoweighatleast4.5pounds.Therangeofmilkfat(sometimesreferredtoasbutterfat)usedinicecreamcangofromtheminimum10percenttoamaximumofabout16percent.Mostpremiumicecreamsuse14percentmilkfat.Higherfatcontentleadstobetter，richertasteandacreamiertexture.Icecreammakers听力课堂,开放式外语学习平台！TingClass.com声明：本资料由听力课堂网站收集整理，仅供英语爱好者学习使用，资料版权属于原作者。-2-don’tgohigherthan16percentbecauseitwouldbecostlyandveryhighincalories.Anicecreamwiththismuchmilkfatwouldalsotastesorichthatpeoplewouldprobablyeatitinsmalleramounts，whichwouldbebadnewsforpeoplewhosellicecreamforaliving.Otherfrozendesserts，suchassorbets(果汁冰糕)，low-faticecream，andfrozenyogurt，arenottechnicallyicecreamatall.Frozencustardisicecreamthathasatleast1.4percenteggyolksolids，and“softserve”canbeanyfrozenmilkbaseddessertthathasnotgonethroughthehardeningprocess—moreonthatlater.Intermsofspecificingredients，therecipeforicecreamissimple.Butinscientificterms，it‘scomplicatedstuff.Icecreamisacolloid，atypeofemulsion(乳状液)。Anemulsionisacombinationoftwosubstancesthatdon’tnormallymixtogether.Instead，oneofthesubstancesisdispersedthroughouttheother.Inicecream，moleculesoffataresuspendedinawater-sugar-icestructurealongwithairbubbles.Thepresenceofairmeansthaticecreamisalsotechnicallyafoam.Inadditiontomilkfat，non-fatmilksolids，sugar，andair，icecreamalsocontainsstabilizersandemulsifiers.Stabilizershelpholdtheairbubblestructuretogetherandgivetheicecreamabettertexture.Althoughgelatin(凝胶)wasoriginallyusedasastabilizer，xanthangum，guargum，andothercompoundsareusedtoday.Emulsifierskeeptheicecreamsmoothandaidthedistributionofthefatmoleculesthroughoutthecolloid.Eggyolkswereonceused，buticecreammanufacturersnowtendtouseotherchemicalcompounds.Thesestabilizersandemulsifiersmakeupaverysmallproportion(lessthanonepercent)oftheicecream.MakingIceCreamWhetherit‘sbeingmadeinyourkitchenwithahandcrank，atalocalhomemadeicecreamshopwithastand-aloneicecreammaker，orinafactorythatcranksoutthousandsofgallonsoficecreameveryday，theprocessofmakingicecreamisbasicallythesame.Theonlydifferenceisthescaleoftheoperation.First，youneedicecreammix.Youcanbuycommerciallymadeicecreammixthatissettoacertainmilkfatcontent.Icecreamfactoriesusuallymaketheirownmixbycombiningmilk，creamandsugarina3，000gallonvat，withtheproportionsandmixingcontrolledbycomputers.Themixisthenpasteurized(用巴氏法灭菌)，orheated，tokillanyharmfulbacteria.Ifyouweretomakeyourownmixathome，youcouldpasteurizeitbycookingitinadoubleboiler，oruseaneggsubstituteorpasteurizedeggproduct.Thisstepisimportantbecauseotherwisepeoplewhoeatyourhomemadeicecreamcouldgetsickduetosalmonellacontamination.AccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControl，thosemostatriskincludetheelderly，veryyoungchildren，andpeoplewithcompromisedimmunesystems.Thenextstepinproductionisaddingflavortothemix.Therearethousandsofvarietiesoficecream，sojustaboutanycombinationofflavorsispossible.Fromvanillatocinnamon，chocolatetotriplechocolatefudgebrownie，itallgetsblendedintotheicecreammix.Ina听力课堂,开放式外语学习平台！TingClass.com声明：本资料由听力课堂网站收集整理，仅供英语爱好者学习使用，资料版权属于原作者。-3-factory，thissteptakesplaceinvatsthatholdhundredsofgallonsoficecream，whilegiantsteelpaddlesdothemixing.Inyourkitchen，alargebowlandafoodmixerwillwork，orevenawoodenspoonandmusclepowerifyouwantsomeexercise.Solidchunkssuchaspiecesoffruit，chocolatechunks，marshmallows，andcandyareaddedlater.Thenextstepiswhereandicecreammakingmachinecomesintoplay.Themixhastobesimultaneouslyfrozenandwhipped.Inafactory，thishappensinagianttubesurroundedbypipes.Thepipescontainchemicalssuchasammoniathatfreezethetube，buttheammonianevercomesintocontactwiththeicecream.Theicecreammixispumpedthroughthetube，whereitgetscoldveryquickly.Adasher，orblade，turnsinsidethetube.Thiswhipsthemixture，introducingtheairbubblesthathelpgiveicecreamitsstructure.Thedasheralsoscrapesthesidesofthetube，clearingofficecrystalsthatf