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郑州电力职业技术学院毕业设计题目：特长隧道双向行驶安全指示PLC控制系统设计系别：电力工程系专业：电气自动化技术班级：10级电气二班学号：10401040210姓名：何波江论文成绩指导教师孙爱芬答辩成绩主答辩教师综合成绩答辩委员会主任毕业设计开题报告题目特长隧道双向行驶安全指示PLC控制系统设计学生姓名学号班级专业电气自动化技术一、研究背景：随着我国城市化，现代化进程的加快，交通流量变的越来越大，为了缓解或有效解决日益严重的城市交通问题，提高道路的空间利用率，修建各种城市隧道或地下构筑物已成为急剧增长的趋势。城市隧道对减少城市道路用地、缩短城市行车里程、疏导城市交通起到积极的作用。目前我国已建成的隧道超过1069座，单通道延长超过340公里，建成的3000米以上的隧道13座，随着国家加大公路建设的步伐和力度，隧道的安全问题日益引起关注。公路隧道作为高速公路的特殊结构，不仅车速高和流量大，结构也相对封闭，加之行驶经过的车辆排放大量的有害物质，所以车辆的行驶环境与条件相对较差，比较容易发生交通事故，并且事故的处理与救援亦相对比较困难，对于长大和特长隧道而言更是如此。因此，高速公路隧道成为高速公路监控与管理的重中之重，进而我们要进行特长隧道双向行驶安全指示PLC控制系统的设计。随着电气工业的发展，PLC价格的不断降低和用户需求的不断扩大，越来越多的中小设备开始采用PLC进行控制，PLC在我国的应用增长十分迅速。随着中国的经济高速发展和基础自动化水平的不断提高，今后一段时期内PLC在我国将保持高速增长势头。二、国内外研究概况：建国后30年所修建的公路等级均较低，线形指标要求不高。五十年代，我国仅有公路隧道30多座，总长约2500m，且单洞长度都很短。六、七十年代，我国干线公路上曾修建了一些百米以上的隧道，但标准也很低。进入八十年代，公路隧道的发展逐渐加快，具有代表性的工程有深圳梧铜山隧道和珠海板樟山隧道，福建鼓山隧道和马尾隧道，甘肃七道梁隧道等。到1990年底，我国建成的千米以上隧道已有十余座。在大型公路隧道建设中，技术也随着不断提高，并学习和引进了很多国外先进技术。福建鼓山隧道，洞内设有照明、吸音、防潮、通讯、防火等装置和闭路电视监控及雷达测速系统，这是我国第一座现代化的公路隧道。“八五”～“九五”期间是我国公路隧道建设迅速发展的时期。“九五”期间新建隧道504座，27.8万延米。还建成了多座特长或宽体扁坦隧道，如中梁山隧道(3100m×2)、缙云山隧道(2450m×2)、大溪岭隧道(4116m×2)、二郎山隧道(4200m×2)、飞鸾岭隧道、真武山隧道等。据不完全资料统计，我国已建成公路隧道1208座，总里程362km。“十五”期间，我国铁路、公路等领域合计约有总长3000公里的隧道工程需要修建，隧道长度大于10公里的约占10％左右。现在国外的隧道发展迅速，青函隧道：目前世界最长的铁路隧道，全长53.9公里，海底长度23.3公里。此隧道跨越津轻海峡连接日本的北海道和本州美国的德拉瓦隧道：世界最长的输水隧道全长169公里。美国纽约的林肯隧道：跨越哈德逊河连接纽约市和纽泽西州，是世界最繁忙的公路隧道之一，长度2.4公里。三、所要进行的主要工作和所采用的方法、手段。各部分硬件设计：本设计采用三菱FX系列PLC、光电传感器、红绿交通灯、报警电铃。按钮：系统需要的按键有3个，一个启动键，一个130m控制键，还有一个260m的控制键。报警电铃。软件设计：梯形图程序的设计（程序的设计思想，无车通过时的程序设计，有车通过时的程序设计，有汽车通过和无车通过时的衔接，控制开关在程序中的设计），各信号灯工作时序图(A、B两入口都无车进入的情况和A口有车进入时以及B口有车进入时)，电气控制系统图设计四、预期结果：PLC产生控制信号，使得系统的信号灯红绿转换，按动启动按钮，A口绿灯亮，B口红灯亮，信号灯系统开始工作。当B口绿灯亮时，从B口进人第一辆车算起，A口红灯持续亮90s，B口绿灯持续亮20s，接着闪烁2s后熄灭，此后两道口红灯同时亮68s。即待从B口进入隧道内的汽车全部开出后，A口才能进车，A口时同理，周而复始，指示车辆的安全运行，避免发生交通事故。两道口绿灯不能同时亮，如果万一同时亮，系统停止工作并报警。指导教师签字时间年月日报警电铃B口绿灯B口红灯A口绿灯A口红灯PLC机红外传感器信号手动控制信号摘要本文介绍了国内交通系统的发展现状，以及特长隧道汽车双向行驶安全存在的问题。信号控制是一种用来确保交通循环的质量和安全的必要措施。红外传感器的应用从根本上解决了人工操作的繁琐和减少了大量的失误，更加有效的增强了汽车双向行驶的安全性，有利于加强隧道的安全。基于现状设计了一种基于PLC的特长隧道汽车双向行驶控制系统，详细介绍了所选用的三菱FX2N系列PLC，并根据设计要求对PLC的输入输出I/O进行了分配，编写了PLC梯形图程序。最后介绍了本PLC电路所可能存在的干扰，并介绍了预防干扰的方法。对系统的输入、输出点进行统计，根据PLC的选型相关规定和输入输出的总点数，选用日本三菱FX2N可编程序控制器。分配了PLC的I／O地址，设计出PLC的外接线图。介绍了PLC常见的编程方法，设计了PLC控制系统的程序。这种方法易学易用，成功率高，设计复杂的控制程序可以节约大量的设计时间。在此基础上，进行了现场安装、调试。针对系统调试、安装以及运行过程中出现的问题，进行了分析，提出了解决办法和注意的事项。从硬件和软件两个方面采取措施，提高PLC控制系统的抗干扰能力。论文最后总结了课题研究的成果，讨论了课题中所用到的编程与接口技术。关键词：特长隧道PLC传感器汽车双向行驶I目录第1章绪论·······················································································11.1课题研究的目的意义······································································11.2国内外研究现状···········································································21.3课题背景及要求···········································································21.3.1课题背景·············································································21.3.2本课题的PLC控制要求··························································31.4论文主要内容··············································································31.5总体方案设计及创新点··································································41.5.1总体方案设计········································································41.5.2论文创新点···········································································4第2章PLC原理及各模块的选择······························································52.1PLC原理介绍.··············································································52.2PLC发展历程···············································································52.3PLC的应用现状············································································62.4PLC控制系统的发展前景································································62.5可编程序控制器PLC的分类····························································72.6PLC的选择··················································································92.7输入输出模块的选择······································································92.8电源的选择·················································································10第3章各部分硬件设计········································································113.1PLC的外连电路设计·····································································113.2系统原理框图··············································································113.3传感器的选择及安装·····································································123.4辅助设备设计与选型·····································································14第4章软件设计···················································································164.1梯形图程序设计···········································································164.2程序设计思想··············································································164.3无车通过隧道式的程序设计····························································174.4有车通过隧道时的程序设计····························································194.6时序图周期为1s的方波································································214.7I/O分配表··················································································234.8有汽车