小学英语动词及专项训练1.动词的定义:表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。表示动词的词如ask,walk等2.动词的分类:(1)实义动词又叫行为动词,能独立做谓语:如open,hold,learn(2)系动词又称连系动词,不能独立做谓语,后边必须接表语组成系表结构,说明主语的状态、性质、特征等:be动词(3)助动词,主要协助动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫做助动词。它本身没有词义,和实义动词一起构成各种时态和语态,也可构成否定或疑问结构:do、will、should、would(4)情态动词,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。由于词义不完全,不能单独作谓语,要后接动词完成谓语部分:must、can、could、may、will3.动词的基本形式(1)动词原形:动词未经任何变化的原来形式。如:have、cut、see(2)第三人称单数现在时:动词一般现在时的第三人称单数形式的构成和名词复数构成法相似。A.直接加“s”:read--readsleave---leavesB.以e结尾的动词,直接加“s”:come--comesclose---closesC.以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾的单词,加“es”:watch---watchesfix---fixeswash---washesgo--goesD.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词,变“y”为“i”,再加“es”:cry---criesE.以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词,直接加“s”:play---plays(3)过去式的变化规则:A.直接加“ed”:look--lookedwatch---watchedB.以e结尾的动词,直接加“d”:live--livedlove--lovedC.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词,变“y”为“i”,再加“ed”:cry---criedD.以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词,直接加“s”:play---playedE.动词不规则变化表InfinitivePasttenseInfinitivePasttense1.am,iswas2.keepkept3.arewere4.letlet5.becomebecame6.makemade7.beginbegan8.meetmet9.bitebit10.putput11.blowblew12.readread13.buybought14.riderode15.catchcaught16.runran17.comecame18.saysaid19.costcost20.seesaw21.cutcut22.singsang23.digdug24.sitsat25.dodid26.sleepslept27.drawdrew28.speakspoke29.drinkdrank30.sweepswept31.eatate32.taketook33.fallfell34.teachtaught35.feedfed36.telltold37.feelfelt38.thinkthought39.flyflew40.throwthrew41.forgetforgot42.understandunderstood43.getgot44.givegave45.wakewoke46.gowent47.wearwore48.growgrew49.winwon50.have/hashad51.writewrote52.knowknew53.breakbroke4.动词的时态一、一般现在时:表示经常性、规律性习惯性的动作或现在存在的状态。结构:1.动作词一般用原形,但如果是第三人称单数时(如Tony,he,she),动作词用第三人称单数形式,即加s或es;在主语前加do,does帮助疑问句,后面的动词用原形;在动作词前加don’t,doesn’t帮助否定句,后面的动词用原形。2.句子中没动作词时,用be动词:is,am,are;is,am,are放在主语前帮助疑问句;is,am,are后面加上not帮助否定句。3.情态动词can,may,should,must引起的句子是一般现在时,后面接动词用原形;can,may,should,must放在主语前帮助疑问句,后面接动词用原形;can,may,should,must后面加上not帮助否定句,后面接动词用原形。4.肯定祈使:动词原形+其它否定祈使句:Don’t+动词原形+其它5.感叹句:Whatamess!Whatabeautifuldesert!Whatbeautifulflowers!——What+(形)名Howbeautiful!Howbeautifulthefloweris!Howbeautifultheflowersare!——How+形A.肯定句:(非第三人称单数)主语+V+其它WecomefromChina.(第三人称单数)主语+Vs+其它HecomesfromChina.主语+be(is,am,are)+其它WearefromChina.主语+情态动词(can,may,should,must)+V+其它Shemustgo.B.否定句:(非第三人称单数)主语+don’t+V+其它Wedon’tcomefromChina.(第三人称单数)主语+doesn’t+V+其它Hedoesn’tcomefromChina.主语+be(is,am,are)not+其它Iaren’tfromChina.主语+情态动词(can,may,should,must)+not+V+其它C.一般疑问句:Do+(非第三人称单数)主语+V+其它DoyoucomefromChina?Does+(第三人称单数)主语+Vs+其它DoeshecomefromChina?be(Is,Am,Are)+主语+其它AreyoufromChina?情态动词(Can,May,Should,Must)+主语+V+其它Shecan’tgo.D.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+do+(非第三人称单数)主语+V+其它Wheredoyoucomefrom?特殊疑问词+does+(第三人称单数)主语+Vs+其它Wheredoeshecomefrom?特殊疑问词+be(is,am,are)+主语+其它Whereareyoufrom?特殊疑问词+情态动词(Can,May,Should,Must)+主语+V+其它Canshego?二、现在进行时:表示现在正在进行的动作。结构:1.be动词(is,am,are)+动词ing(现在分词);is,am,are放在主语前帮助疑问句,后面的动词加ing;is,am,are后面加上not帮助否定句,后面的动词加ing。A.肯定句:主语+be(is,am,are)+Ving+其它Theyarecominghere.B.否定句:主语+be(is,am,are)+not+Ving+其它Theyaren’tcominghere.C.一般疑问句:be(Is,Am,Are)+主语+Ving+其它Aretheycominghere?D.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be(is,am,are)+主语+Ving+其它Whataretheydoing?三、一般过去时:表示过去某个时间里发生了的动作或状态。结构:1.动作词用过去式(ed);在主语前加did帮助疑问句,后面的动词用原形;在动作词前加didn’t帮助否定句,后面的动词用原形。2.句子中没动作词时,用be动词的过去式:was,were;was,were放在主语前帮助疑问句;was,were后面加上not帮助否定句。A.肯定句:主语+Ved+其它WecamefromChina主语+be(was,were)+其它WewerefromChina.B.否定句:主语+didn’t+V+其它Wedidn’tcomefromChina.主语+be(was,were)+not+其它Weweren’tfromChina.C.一般疑问句:Did+主语+V+其它DidyoucomefromChina?be(Was,Were)+主语+其它WereyoufromChina?D.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+V+其它Wheredidyoufrom?特殊疑问词+be(was,were)+主语+其它Wherewerefrom?四、一般将来时:表示将来某个时间的动作或状态。结构:1.begoingto+动词原形is,am,are放在主语前帮助疑问句;is,am,are后面加上not帮助否定句。2.will+动词原形will放在主语前帮助疑问句,后面接动词用原形;will后面加上not帮助否定句,后面接动词用原形。A.肯定句:主语+will+V+其它Hewilldigahole.主语+begoingto+V+其它Heisgoingtodigahole.B.否定句:主语+willnot+V+其它Hewon’tdigahole.主语+benotgoinggo+V+其它Heisn’tgoingtodigahole.C.一般疑问句:Will+主语+V+其它Willhedigahole?Be(Is,Am,Are)+主语goingto+V+其它Ishegoingtodidahole?D.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+will+主语+V+其它Whatwillhedo?特殊疑问词+be(is,am,are)+主语goingto+V+其它Whatishegoingtodo?五、过去进行时:表示过去某时正在进行的动作。结构:1.be动词(was,were)+动词ing;was,were放在主语前帮助疑问句,后面的动词加ing;was,were后面加上not帮助否定句,后面的动词加ing。A.肯定句:主语+be(was,were)+VingHewasdiggingahole.B.否定句:主语+be(was,were)+not+VingHewasn’tdiggingahole.C.一般疑问句:be(Was,Were)+主语+VingWashediggingahole?D.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be(was,were)+主语+VingWhatwashedoing(二)时态意义与结构一览表:时态时态意义与动词主语动词形式常用时间肯定句否定句(特殊)疑问句一般1.表示现在的状态。be动词三单isisnot(疑问词)is+主语always,often,nowusually,sometimes,ever,never,inthemorning’intheafternoon,Iamamnot(疑问词)am+主语you,复arearenot(疑问词)are+主语2.表示经常性习情态所有主语can+Vcannot+V(疑问词)can+主语+Vmay+Vmaynot+V(疑问词)may+主语+V现在时惯性的动作、兴趣爱好或能力。动词must+Vmustnot+V(疑问词)must+主语+Vintheevening,atnight,onSunday,everyonceaweek,twiceamonth,3timesayearshould+Vshouldnot+V(疑问词)should+主语+V行为动词三单Vsdoesn’t+V(疑问词)does+主语+V非三单Vdon’t+V(疑问词)do+主语+V3.祈使句be无BeDon’tbeBequick.Don’tbeworried.行为无VDon’t+VListentome.Don’tpush.4.感叹句Whatamess!Whatabeautifuldesert!Whatbeautifulflowers!Howbeautiful!Howbeautifulthefloweris!Howbeautifultheflowersare!一般过去时表示过去了的动作或状态。be动词单—youwaswasnot(疑问词)was+主语yesterday,thismorning,beforethat,last…复+youwerewerenot(疑问词)were+主语行为所有主语Veddidn’t+V(疑问词)