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CollegeEnglishAchievementTestforCollegeEnglish(NewEdition)BandFour大学英语（全新版）四级学业测试题（2007年6月)ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress上海外语教育出版社SFLEPCollegeEnglish(NewEdition)AchievementTest(Band4)1PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayentitledTogetalongwithyourroommates.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.1.室友之间的冲突在校园里时常发生。2.冲突的主要原因。3.室友之间如何和睦相处。Togetalongwithyourroommates________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,markY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.Theportprovidesafascinatingandrichunderstandingofthemovementofpeopleandgoodsaroundtheworld.Weunderstandaportasacenterofland-seaexchange,andasamajorsourceoflivelihoodandamajorforceforculturalmixing.Butdoportsallproducearangeofcommonurbancharacteristicswhichjustifyclassifyingportcitiestogetherunderasinglegenericlabel?Dothey外教社®《大学英语》（全新版）4级学业测试2haveenoughincommontowarrantdistinguishingthemfromotherkindsofcities?Aportmustbedistinguishedfromaharbor.Theyaretwoverydifferentthings.Mostportshavepoorharbors,andmanyfineharborseefewships.Harborsisaphysicalconcept,ashelterforships;portisaneconomicconcept,acenterofland-seaexchangewhichrequiresgoodaccesstohinterland(内地)evenmorethanasea-linkedforeland前陆(与内地相对而言).Itislandwardaccess,whichisproductiveofgoodsforexportandwhichdemandsimports,thatiscritical.Poorharborscanbeimprovedwithbreakwaters(防浪堤),anddredging(挖泥)ifthereisademandforport.MadrasandColomboareexamplesofharborsexpensivelyimprovedbyenlarging,dredgingandbuildingbreakwaters.Portcitiesbecomeindustrial,financialandservicecentersandpoliticalcapitalsbecauseoftheirwaterconnectionsandtheurbanconcentrationwhicharisesthereandlaterdrawstoitsrailways,highwaysandairroutes.Watertransportmeanscheapaccess,thechiefbasisofallportcities.Manyoftheworld’sbiggestcities,forexample,London,NewYork,Shanghai,Istanbul,BuenosAires,Tokyo,Jakarta,Calcutta,PhiladelphiaandSanFranciscobeganasports―thatis,withland-seaexchangeastheirmajorfunction―buttheyhavesincegrowndisproportionatelyinotherrespectssothattheirportfunctionsarenolongerdominant.Theyremaindifferentkindsofplacesfromnon-portcitiesandtheirportfunctionsaccountforthatdifference.Portfunctions,morethananythingelse,makeacitycosmopolitan.Aportcityisopentotheworld.Initraces,cultures,andideas,aswellasgoodsfromavarietyofplaces,mixandenricheachotherandthelifeofthecity.Thesmelloftheseaandtheharbor,thesoundoftheboatwhistlesorthemovingtidesaresymbolsoftheirmultiplelinkswithawideworldsamplesofwhicharepresentinmicrocosm(微观世界)withintheirownurbanareas.Seaportshavebeentransformedbytheadventofpoweredvessels,whosesizeanddraughthaveincreased.Manyformerlyimportantportshavebecomeeconomicallyandphysicallylessaccessibleasaresult.Bypassedbymostoftheirformerenrichingflowofexchange,theyhavebecomeculturalandeconomicbackwatersorhaveacquiredthecharacterofmuseumsofthepast.Muchdomesticporttradehasnotbeenrecorded.Whatevidencewehavesuggeststhatdomestictradewasgreateratallperiodsthanexternaltrade.Shanghai,forexample,didmostofitstradewithotherChineseportsandinlandcities.CalcuttatradedmainlywithotherpartsofIndiaandsoon.Mostofanycity’spopulationisengagedinprovidinggoodsandservicesforthecityitself.Tradeoutsidethecityisitsbasicfunction.Buteachbasicworkerrequiresfood,housing,clothingandotherservices.Estimatesoftheratioofbasicworkerstoserviceonesrangefrom1:4to1:8.Nocitycanbesimplyaportbutmustbeinvolvedinavarietyofotheractiviti