2007年英语专业八级真题_答案

12007年英语专业八级真题答案PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSIONSECTIONAMINI-LECTUREInthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.whilelistening,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyonwillneedthemtocompleteagap-fillingtaskafterthemini-lecture.whenthelectureisover,yonwillbegiventwominutestocheckyournotes,andanothertenminutestocompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONE.Usetheblanksheetfornote-taking.题1-10[原文]Goodmorning,today'slecture,istheveryfirstofaseriesoflecturesonarthistory,soI'dliketospendsometimediscussingwithyouthefollowingtopic:Whydoweneedtostudyarthistory?Andwhatcanwelearnfromit?Firstofall,I'dsay,ifyoustudyarthistory,thismightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculture,thanit'spossibletolearningeneralhistoryclasses.Youknow,mosttypicalhistorycoursesconcentrateonpolitics,economicsandwar,butarthistoryfocusesonmuchmorethanthis.Becauseartreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeople,butalsotheirreligiousbeliefs,emotionsetc.Inaddition,informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourancestorscanbeprovidedbyart,likewhatpeopledidforaliving,whatkindofdresstheywore,whatceremoniestheyheldetc.Inshort,artcanexpresstheessentialqualitiesofatimeandaplace,andthestudyofitclearlyoffersusadeeperunderstandingthancanbefoundinmosthistorybooksandenablesustolearnmorethingsabouthumansocietyandcivilization.ThesecondpointI'dliketomakeisaboutthetypeofinformation.Inhistorybooks,informationisobjective,thatisfactsaboutpoliticaleconomiclifeofacountryaregiven,butopinionsarenotexpressed.Art,ontheotherhand,issubjective.Itreflectspersonalemotionsandopinions.Forexample,FranciscoGoyawasagreatSpanishpainterandalsoperhapsthefirsttrulypoliticalartist.Inhisfamouspainting,TheThirdofMay1808,heshowedsoldiersshootingagroupofsimplepeople.Hisdescriptionofsoldiersandtheirvictimshasbecomeasymboloftheenormouspowerorthemisuseofthispowerthatthegovernmentcanhaveoveritspeople.Over100yearslater,onanothercontinent,thepowerfulpaintingsofMexicanartistsdepictedtheirdeepangerandsadnessaboutsocialproblems.Insummary,throughartyoucanfindapersonalandemotionalviewofhistory.Thirdly,artcanreflectaculture'sreligiousbeliefs.ForhundredsofyearsinEurope,religiousartwasalmosttheonlytypeofartthatexisted.ChurchesandotherreligiousbuildingswerefilledwithpaintingsthatshowedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.Bycontrast,oneofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwas(andstillis),itsabsenceofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthattheseimagesareunholy.Thus,onpalaces,mosquesandotherbuildings,Islamicartistshavecreateduniquedecorationofgreatbeautywithimagesofflowersofgeometricforms,forexample,circles,squaresandtriangles.Thesameistrueofotherplaces,likeAfricaandPacificIslands.Artalsoreflectsthereligiousbeliefsoftraditionalculturesintheseplaces.Asamatteroffact,religionisthepurposeforthisartandit's,therefore,absolutelyessentialtoit.TraditionalartinAfricaandPacificIslandsisdifferentfromChristianart.Christianartinfluencespeople'sreligiousfeelingstowardsGod.ButthegoaloftraditionalartinAfricaand2PacificIslandsistheinfluenceofspiritualpowers,thatisgodstoenterpeople'slives.Eachtribeorvillagetherehadspecialceremonieswithsongsanddancestomakesurethatcrops,animalsandpeoplearehealthyandincreasinginnumber.Thedancersintheceremonieswearmasks,headdressesandcostumesthattheybelievearenecessarytoinfluencegods.SOthesemasks,headdressesthemselves,arerevelrypartoftheart.Aswesaid,artdependsonculture,differentformsofartresultfromdifferentcultures.Similarly,thewaythatpeopleviewartalsodependsontheirculturalbackground.Thisismyfourthpoint.FormostEuropeansandAmericans,artismainlyfordecoration.Itissomethingonamuseumwallorinaglasscase.Itmakestheirhomesmoreattractive.Peoplelookatitandadmireit:Oh,whatabeautifulpainting!Besides,ideasareexpressedinthisart.Thisisawonderfulstatue,andadmiringit,1mightsay:Itmakessuchastrongantiwarstatement.Butinotherplaces,artisnotconsideredtobeseparatedfromeverydayexistence.Ithasafunction,ithasapracticalroletoplayinpeople'slives.Apersoninatribalsocietymightlookatamaskandsay:Oh,thisisagoodmask.Itwouldkeepmyhousesafe.Inbrief,thewayinwhichpeopleenjoyorappreciateartdependsontheirculture.Toconcludemylecture,wecansaythatartisareflectionofvariouscultures.Butatthesametime,wehavetorememberthatartalsoreflectsthechangesinsocietythattakeplacewhendifferentculturesinfluenceoneanother.Aspeoplefromtribalsocietiesmovetourbanareas,theirvaluesandbeliefschangeaccordinglyandtheirtraditionalartformsbegintolosetheirfunction.Atthesametime,urbanartistsbegintolearnalotfromtraditionalart.Forexample,AfricanmasksandfigureshadagreatinfluenceonPicasso'sworks.AndmanyAmericanandCanadianartistsstudythesimplicityofJapanesepainting.Theresultisthatastheworldgetssmaller,theartofeachculturebecomesmoreinternational.OK,thisbringsustotheendofourlecture.Ihopethataftertoday'slecture,you'llunderstandbetterthesignificanceofthestudyofarthistory.Artenablesustoknowmoreabouthumanhistory,forexample,people'sviewsandopinionsaboutcertainhistoricalevents,andwhat'smoreimportant,aboutdifferentcultures,theirreligiousbeliefs,perceptionof