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MarkTwain(1835-1910)•HisrealnamewasSamuelLanghorneClemens.•HeisanAmericanauthorandhumorist.•Heisajournalistwhosatirizedthehypocrisyofmanandsociety.HewasborninFlorida,Missouri,onNovember30,1835.Whenhewasfour,Twain'sfamilymovedtoHannibal.In1847thedeathofhisfatherbroughtanendtohiscarefreedays,andhehadtogotoworkattheageof12asaprinter’sapprentice.In1851,hebeganworkingasatypesetterandcontributorofarticlesandhumoroussketchesforanewspaperownedbyhisbrother.•From1857to1861,TwainworkedasariverboatpilotontheMississippiRiver.Thisoccupationgavehimhispenname,MarkTwain.•OnMississippiriverboats,twofathoms,adepthindicatingsafewaterforpassageofboat,wasmeasuredonthesoundingline.•“Marktwain”wasacallusedbysailors.Picturesfrom•In1863,heworkedataVirginiaCitynewspaper.Herehefirstusedhispenname.•In1864,hemovedtoSanFrancisco,stillasajournalist.•Hisfirstsuccessasawritercamewhenhishumoroustalltale,TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty,waspublishedin1865.Itbroughthimnationalattention.OnFebruary2,1870,hemarriedOliviaLangdon,theonlydaughterofawealthyNewYorkbusinessman.DuringhisseventeenyearsinHartford(1874–1891)andovertwentysummersatQuarryFarm,Twainwrotemanyofhisclassicnovels.By1900,hehadbecomeAmerica’sforemostcelebrity.Hewasinvitedtoattendanniversarygatherings,politicalconventions,andcountlessdinners.Reportersmethimateveryportofcall,anxioustoprintanewquipfromthefamoushumorist.Picturesfrom•thefailureofhisinvestments,•hisfatiguingtravelsandlecturesinordertopayoffhisdebts,•thedeathofhiswifeandtwodaughters•thedarkeningsociallifeSomecriticslinkthesetragiceventswiththechangeofstyleinhislaterworks,fromanoptimistandhumoristtoanalmostdespairingdeterminist.•MarkTwaindiedofillnessonApril21,1910.Whenhepassedaway,newspapersaroundthecountrydeclared,“Thewholeworldismourning.”Hiscontribution&influenceHemadecolloquialspeechanaccepted,respectableliterarymediumintheliteraryhistoryofthecountry.Itsinfluenceisclearlyvisiblein12th-centuryAmericanliterature.Hewasasocialcriticaswell.Helovedfreedomandjustice,feltaprideinhumandignityandadvocatedbrotherhoodofman.Hehateddespisedmeannessandcruelty.Hiswritingstouchuponalmosteveryissueofhistimesuchaspolitics,religion,slavery,andthepersecutionoftheChineseandtheJews.TrilogyofMississippi(密西西比河三部曲)LifeontheMississippi《密西西比河上》TheAdventuresofTomSawyer（汤姆索亚历险记)TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》LifeontheMississippi”《密西西比河上》(1883)Thisworkisamemoir/’memwa:/(回忆录)byMarkTwaindetailinghisdaysasasteamboatpilotontheMississippiRiverbeforeandaftertheAmericanCivilWarTheAdventuresofTomSawyer（汤姆索亚历险记)ThisnoveltalkedaboutayoungboycalledTomSawyergrowingupalongtheMississippiRiver.Itdescribeschildrenpursuitofnoveltyandadventurelife.最伟大的儿童文学作品TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》•Thisbookisabouthowtosettheslavesfreeandhowtocometrueone’sdreamsThemysteriousstranger(神秘的陌生人)•Heinsistedthatmandrophisreligiousillusionsanddependuponhimself,notProvidence(神)tomakeabetterworld.•他指出人类应该摒弃宗教幻想，依靠自己而不是上帝的力量，去创造一个更加完美的世界。Hisotherworks•ThePrinceandthePauper(1881)《王子与贫儿》•AConnecticutYankeeinKingArthur'sCourt(1889)《误闯亚瑟王宫》•RunningforGovernor《竞选州长》•The£1,000,000Bank-Note《百万英镑》•TheGildedAge《镀金时代》•TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty(hisfirststory)《卡拉维拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》•Theinnocentabroad《傻子出国记》•Thesearecalledhisfourfamousworks•TheManThatCorruptedHadleyburg《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》•RoughingIt《苦行记》•TheAdventuresofTomSawyer《汤姆·索亚历险记》•TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》WritingCharacteristicsofMarkTwain•Earlystage:Active&humor•Mid-term:Satire（讽刺）•Laterperiod-Pessimistic&desperate•Heusedalotofcolloquialidioms（俚语）andcolloquialsyntax（口语）andmadehiswritingfullofallegories（寓言）thatlaybehindthehumor.Hisfamoussaying1、“Thebestwaytocheeryourselfupistotrytocheersomebodyelseup.”2、“Humorismankind'sgreatestblessing.”3、Thedogisagentleman;Ihopetogotohisheaven,notman's.”PicturefromDaveThomsoncollection:、“Everyoneisamoon,andhasadarksidewhichhenevershowstoanybody.”PicturefromDaveThomsoncollection: