2-简介管理沟通-关于Bavelas通信模式 About_Communication_pattern

EFFECTIVECOMMUNICATION:TOWARDSASUCCESSFULORGANIZATIONALMANAGEMENTByB.JOjo(Ph.D.)DepartmentofPedagogicalSciencesHaramayaUniversity,DireDawa,[e-mail]&Umera-Okeke,NnekaDepartmentofEnglishHaramayaUniversityDireDawa,[e-mail]inedtheoverallimportanceofcommunicationtothedevelopmentandeffectivenessofanyorganisation.Itexploredthestrengths,impacts,skillsandbarrierstoeffectivecommunicationwithinandwithouttheorganisation.Basedonthesynthesisofavailableliteratureoncommunicationinrelationtoorganisationalandmanagerialeffectiveness,suggestionswereofferedfortheskillsandconditionsnecessaryforeffectivecommunicationinadynamicorganisational.IntroductionTheimportanceofeffectivecommunicationcannotbeoveremphasisedinourdaytodaylifeashumanbeings.Communicationisthelifebloodofanorganisation.Withouteffectivecommunicationamongdifferentparties,thepatternofrelationshipsthatwecallorganisationswillservenoone’sneedverywell.AsobservedbyJamesetal(2006),miscommunicationhascontributedtotheequivalentofcardiovasculardamageinmorethanoneorganisation.Communicationiscriticalforalllevelsofhumanbehaviour.Man’sabilitytothinkandtransmitthosethoughtsthroughthecommunicationprocessprovidesthebindingelementforallsocialinteraction.(BurtonandThaka,2006).Communicationhasbeenseenasaverygreatfactorinthesuccessorfailureofhumanendeavours.Variousstudieshaverevealedthateffectivecommunicationisvitaltomanagerialsuccessandthatcommunicationisimportanttomanagersforcertainreasonswhichinclude:a)itprovidesacommonthreadforthemanagementprocessesofplanning,organizing,leadingandcontrolling;b)effectivecommunicationskillscanenablemanagerstodrawonthevastarrayoftalentsavailableinthemulticulturalworldoforganisations;andDrY.A.Fasasi:IssuesintheManagementofTechnicalandVocationalEducationinNigerianSecondarySchoolsc)managersspendagreatdealoftimeincommunicating;whennotconferringwithothersinpersonorontelephone,managersmaybewritingordictatingmemos,letters,orreportsorreadingmessagessenttothem(James,etal,2006).Inacomplextechnologicalsociety,ourqualityoflifeandsurvivaldependoncountlesssuccessfulinteractionswithotherpeople,mediatedthroughmarkets,networksandvariouskindsoforganization.Withouttheseintricateandlargelyunseenwebsofcommunication,oureconomicprosperity,socialwelfareandculturallifewouldbeundermined.Byitsnature,communicationseemstimeconsumingandverydemanding.Thisisbecause,inordertobeeffective,communicationrequireseachpartyinvolvedtomakesomeeffortstounderstandtheother.Organizationsarecomplexandphenomenalwhetheroperatingintheprivate,publicorvoluntarysector.Asaconsequence,effectivecommunicationcanhelptheorganizationtoachieve•Satisfiedrepeatcustomers,ratherthanunhappyex-customers;•Wellmotivatedemployees,ratherthananexpensiveindustrialdispute;•Apositivereputationinthewidercommunity,ratherthananinternationalboycottofitsproducts;•Innovativeandcreativestrategies,ratherthaninefficiency,indecisionandresistancetochange(Blundel2004).Thequestioniswhyiscommunicationsuchacriticalissuefororganizations?Communicationbecomescriticalbecauseofthechallengesthattheorganizationfacesdaily,whichinclude:•theformalstructures,reportingarrangementsandprocedures;•culturaldiversity,acrossthecountries,organizations,departments,employeesandotherorganizationalstakeholders;•intensepolitical,financialandtimepressures,withcompetingmanagerialprioritiesanddemands.Thistypeofchallengesmakescommunicationinorganizationsoftenanuphilltask.(Blundel,2004).Allthekeyfunctionsofanorganization:planning,organizing,directing,andcontrollingdependoneffectivecommunicationforproperexecution.Nicholas(1962)inhisstudy,foundthatwhite-collaremployeescommunicated70%ofthetime.Directingrequireseffectivecommunication;allgoodleadersencourageeffectivecommunicationbyhavingestablishedchannelsormeansoftransmittinginformationtopeople.OtherstudiesespeciallythatofPincus(1986)whichwasasurveyofsomenursesataU.S.hospitaltomeasuretheimpactofcommunicationonmajorjobfactorsfoundoutthatthedimensionsofcommunicationsatisfactionthatinvolverelationshipswerepositivelycorrelatedwithjobperformance.Employeeattitudeandperformancewerefoundtobeinfluencedmostlybythecommunicationclimate,personnelfeedback,andsupervisorcommunication.Thestudysupportsthecontentionthatmanagerswhowishtohavesatisfiedandproductivesubordinatesneedtofocusoneffectiveorganisationalcommunication.Inanotherstudy,Schedc(2000)comparedpatients’reactionstodifferenttypesofcommunicationbehavioursusedbyphysicians.Patientswereaskedtheirreactionstodifferentcommunicationbehavioursandratedthedoctorsinsuchareasastheirprofessionalismandcaring,howresponsibletheywereforbadoutcomes,andhowlitigiousthepatientwouldbeinresponse.Itwasfoundthatwhendoctorsgreetpatientswithasmile,sitdowntotalkandmakedirecteyecontact,theycreateanimpressionoftrustworthyhealthcareprovider.Otherbehaviourthatformoppositeperception,e.g.,avoidingeyecontact,ahastydemeanour,etc,werefoundtohaveademonstratednegativeeffect,whichcanmakeadifferenceintermsoflitigationrisk.JanHall(2006)observedthatasp