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ChapterSixteenPracticalWritings(13)ContractsTranslation(1)•合同是为了搞好协作而拟订的一种凭证，涉及当事人经济、技术、法律等问题，因此在语言上形成了正式严格，详尽准确、迂腐腐旧、复杂艰深的特点合同一、合同的文体特点二、合同的种类三、合同中的常用语四、翻译合同的步骤及注意事项合同的文体特点1、内容上的针对性2、格式上的规范性3、句式结构的复杂性4、指称上的单位性5、表达上的条理性6、措词上的法律性合同的格式结构1.Preamble（前言）—写明当事人的名称及缔约目的和原则等内容2.MainClauses（正文/主要条款）—明确规定当事人的具体权利和义务、违约赔偿、争议解决、适用法律等条款3.ConcludingClauses（最后条款）—包括合同的法定地址、效力范围、有效条件、双方代表签字等•EmploymentContract•AmwayCompany,theemployer,herebyemploysRichardJohnson,theemployee,toperformdutiesasstatedbelow,considerationforwhichtheemployerwillpaytheemployeeattherateofUS$2,000permonth,andinaddition,compensatehimforanyotherexpensesincurredbyhimwhenheiscarryingouthisduties.•Inkeepingwiththeabove-mentionedremuneration,theemployeeshallagreetocarryoutthefollowingduties:tonegotiatewithChineseauthoritiesaboutthecooperationbetweenAmwayCompanyLimitedandChina;toarrangeforthevisitsofJimmyFord,president,andotherexecutivestoChina;toactasauthorizedrepresentativeinanyaspectrelatingtothecooperationwithChinaandtorespondtoanyinquiriesfromChineseparties.•Inthisemployment,theemployeeshallacthonestly,laboriouslyandtothebestofhisability.•ThiscontractshalltakeeffectonJanuary1st,2003.Ifonepartywantstoterminatethecontract,awrittennoticeonemonthbeforehandshallbegiventoanotherparty.••EmployerEmployee•AmwayCompanyLimitedRichardJohnson•AmwayCompanyLimitedRichardJohnsonPreambleMainClausesConcludingClause合同句式结构的复杂性•TechnicalDocumentationmeansthetechnicalliteratures,drawings,pictures,tapes,etc,thatPartyBpossessesandhasappliedordevelopedforitsownproductionaswellasinitscurrentmanufactureduringthevaliditytermofthecontractfordesigning,calculating,manufacturing,qualitycontrol,assemblinginstallations,maintainingandtestingoftheContractProducts(hereinafterreferredtoasDocumentation)…Forexample:技术文件指的是乙方所持有的并在生产中加以应用和开发的技术文献、图纸、照片、磁带等，在合同有效期内仍在当前的制作过程中，用于对合同的产品进行设计、计算、制造、质量控制、安装、维护、测试等（以下称文件）…指称上的单位性BothPartyAandPartyBagreethatatechnologytransferagreementshallbesignedbetweenthejointventurecompanyandPartyX(orathirdparty)Forexample:甲、乙双方同意，由合营公司与X方（或第三方）签订技术转让协议……这类间接指称还有theSeller（卖方）、theBuyer(买方)、theRecipientParty（受主）、theSupplying（供方）、theTransferor（转让方）、theTransferee（受让方）等。合同的种类一、商品进出口合同1.售货合同2.购货合同二、其他类型国际贸易合同1.寄售合同2.代理合同3.易货合同4.来料加工装配合同5.补偿贸易合同6.合作经营合同SalesContractPurchaseContractConsignmentContractAgencyContractBarterContractProcessing&AssemblingContractCompensationTradeContractCooperativeVentureContract三、国际技术、劳务合同1.劳务合同2.派遣专家合同3.设计合同4.项目安装合同5.工程承包合同6.许可证合同7.空运货物转运合同合同的种类ServiceContractContractforSendingExpertsDesignContractInstallationContractConstructionManagementContractLicenseContractAirFreightForwarderAgreement常用语•1.break/keepacontract•2.signacontract•3.terminateacontract•4.drawup/draftacontract•5.fulfillacontract•6.cancelacontract•7.…haveenteredintothiscontract…•8.Bothpartieshaveagreedto…•9.TheSellershallnotberesponsiblefor…•10.Thecontractissigned/madebyandbetweentheBuyersandtheSellers.•11.PartyAshallpayPartyB…•12.Thecaseshallbesubmittedforarbitrationif…•撕毁/遵守合同签署合同终止合同…草拟合同执行合同撤销合同……已签定本合同双方已同意……卖方不负责…本合同由买卖双方签订。甲方付给乙方……如果……应通过仲裁解决。13.Thearbitrationfeeshallbebornebythelosingparty.14.management/employmentcontract15.amend/break/cancel/carryout/draft/executeacontract16.Afterfriendlynegotiations,bothsideshaveenteredintothiscontractwiththefollowingtermsandconditions.17.TheContractismade/signed/enteredintobyandbetween…18.Bothsideswishtoenterintothiscontract.19.AlldisputesarisingoutofthiscontractshallbereferredtotheInternationalCourtofLaw.•20.TherepresentativesofPartyAandPartyBhaveagreedtoconcludethisContractaccordingtothetermsandconditionsstipulatedbelow:常用语仲裁费应由败诉方承担。经营管理/雇佣合同修改/撕毁/撤销/履行/草拟/执行合同经友好协商，双方签订以下合同。本合同由……签订双方都希望达成本合同。涉及本合同的一切争议将提交国际法庭裁决。甲乙双方代表同意订立本合同，其条款如下：翻译合同的步骤•首先，要通读全文，以求全面理解，掌握内涵。通读全文的目的在于从宏观上了解契约的总体概貌和篇章结构。•第二，细研章节。这是在通读全文的基础上进行的。由于契约的章节条款具有相对的独立性，可逐字、逐句、逐条、逐段、逐节、逐章地仔细研读，反复推敲，以求达到细致深入的理解。•第三，准确表达。在翻译过程中，关键是要求译文内容与原文内容保持等值，避免出现差错和误解。•最后，在准确表达的前提下，力求使译文的格式和文体符合合同的规范和要求。订购合同•本合同于2005年8月15日，以顺发水轮发电机厂为甲方，以日兴电厂为乙方。•兹约定：•甲方与乙方订立协议并同意：由甲方负责在第二年向乙方提供3台水电站用T236型水轮发电机，并按下列期限分期交货，到2月30日止如数交迄。•乙方与甲方订立协议并同意，对上述水轮发电机每台支付63，000美元，货到即付。订购合同•订约的任何一方如未履约，根据合同规定并经双方同意，违约一方应向对方赔偿86，000美元为商定的损失赔偿费。•甲方：顺发水轮发电机厂乙方：日兴电厂•亚历山大布莱克（经理）江秀仪（经理）ORDERCONTRACT•ThisagreementismadeonthefifthdayofAugust2005betweenShunfaWaterTurbineGeneratorFactory,thefirstpartyandRixingPowerPlant,thesecondparty.•Witness:ORDERCONTRACT•Thefirstpartycontractsandagreeswiththesecondpartythathewillprovidethesecondpartyduringnextyearwith3T236waterturbinegeneratorsusedforpowerstation,onthefollowingspecificterm:theabovementioned3boilersbythethirtiethofFebruary.ORDERCONTRACT•Andthesecondpartycontractsandagreeswiththefirstpartythathewillpayfortheabove-mentionedwaterturbinegenerators$63,000foreachupondelivery.ORDERCONTRACT•Incaseoffailureofagreementbyeitheroftheparties,itisherebystipulatedandagreedthatthepartysofailingshallpaytotheother$86,000asfixedandsettleddamages.•PartyA:ShunfaWaterTurbineGeneratorFactory•AlexanderBlack(manager)•PartyB:RixingPowerPlant•JiangXiuyi(manager)ORDERCONTRACT•Incaseoffailureofagreemen