文体分类突破

记叙文，是以叙述为主要表达方式，以写人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体。记叙文包括的范围很广，如记人记事、日记、游记、传说、新闻、通讯小说等，都属于记叙文的范畴。记叙文写的是生活中的见闻，因此，时常伴随着作者真实情感的流露，往往在记叙的过程中会夹杂着抒情和议论。一、了解文体特点高考中，记叙文多与中学生熟悉的话题有关。掌握记叙文要抓住以下特点：1.六个要素就是指我们常常提到的人物、时间、地点、事件、原因、经过等等，即5个W(who,when,where,why,what)和一个H(how)。2.常用线索记叙文的线索是贯穿全文、将材料串连起来的一条主线，它把文章的各个部分连结成一个统一、和谐的有机体。常用的线索有人物发展的线索、事件发展的线索、时间线索、地点线索、人物思想感情的变化线索等。把握行文线索可以把握作者的写作思路和通篇的结构。3.记叙顺序记叙文的顺序通常有三种，即顺叙、倒叙和插叙。而以前两种情况居多。4.写作意图就是作者通过讲故事想要揭示的道理，或是证明某一理论，或是阐明某一概念，或同人分享快乐，或是赞美或谴责某种行为，等等。二、掌握阅读技巧1.把握故事整体找出文章六要素，然后按照线索弄清楚事情的来龙去脉，理解文脉进而把握故事的整体。2.注意记叙顺序特别遇上倒叙的文章时，可以先读完通篇之后按照故事本来情节分析理解。3.抓主旨明细节抓住重要细节有助于把握文章主旨和作者意图，更好地解决具体的问题。4.多问为什么读完故事后问故事讲了什么？故事想告诉我们什么？有助于我们深入地挖掘和领会作者的写作意图。OnOctober17,1826,CarlylemarriedhissecretaryJaneWelsh.Shewasanintelligent,attractiveandsomewhattemperamentaldaughterofawell-to-dodoctor.Theyhadtheirquarrelsandmisunderstandings,butstilllovedeachotherdearly.1.WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Aftermarriage,Janebecameafull-timehousewife.B.Quarrelsandmisunderstandingsdidn’tlessenJane’sloveforCarlyle.C.CarlylesparedmoretimeforJaneaftershewasill.D.Janegotcancerandsoonwasforcedtostayinbed.B.Quarrelsandmisunderstandingsdidn’tlessenJane’sloveforCarlyle.2.C词义猜测题。由第二段中的“quarrelsandmisunderstandings”，并通过构词法temperamental中包含“temper”可猜出，该词大意为“情绪无常，易喜易怒的”。OnOctober17,1826,CarlylemarriedhissecretaryJaneWelsh.Shewasanintelligent,attractiveandsomewhattemperamentaldaughterofawell-to-dodoctor.Theyhadtheirquarrelsandmisunderstandings,butstilllovedeachotherdearly.2.Theunderlinedword“temperamental”inParagraph1probablymeans.A.bad-temperedB.easy-goingC.easilyangryorexcitedD.out-going3.C推理判断题。由文章中的“wishingsomuchhehadachancetodoitdifferently”和文中最后一段作者反复重复的“IfIhadonlyknown,ifIhadonlyknown.”可知主人公非常悔恨。…wishingsomuchhehadachancetodoitdifferently.Noticingherdiaryonatablebesidethebed,hepickeditupandbegantoreadit.Suddenlyheseemedshocked.……Hiseyeswereredfromweeping.Hekeptrepeatingoverandoveragain,“IfIhadonlyknown,ifIhadonlyknown.”3.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeCarlyle’sfeeling?A.disappointedB.HopelessC.regretfulD.desperateC.regretful4.Basedonthepassage,ifCarlylehadonlyknown,heshould_____.A.nothavequarreledwithJaneB.havespentmoretimewithJaneC.havereadJane’sdiaryearlyD.nothavemadeJanemisunderstandhim.…AlthoughCarlylelovedherdearly,heseldomfoundtimetostaywithherlong.…wishingsomuchhehadachancetodoitdifferently.…4.B推理判断题。由第三段的“AlthoughCarlylelovedherdearly,heseldomfoundtimetostaywithherlong”和第四段的“wishingsomuchhehadachancetodoitdifferently”可推断出答案为B。B.havespentmoretimewithJaneThomasCarlylelivedfrom1795until1881.…Buthewasahumanandhumansmakemistakes.Janedied,leavingCarlyleindeepsorrow.…Hesattherethinkingabouthowlittletimehehadspentwithherandwishingsomuchhehadachancetodoitdifferently.…5.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetextisto.A.introduceThomasCarlyle,afamousessayistandhistorian.B.showpeoplethefamilylifeofThomasCarlyle.C.remindothersnottomakethesamemistakeasCarlyledid.D.tellthedeeplovebetweenCarlyleandJane.C.remindothersnottomakethesamemistakeasCarlyledid.(2)Aftertheunforgettablyinitialshock,herememberedthepromisehehadmadetohisson:“Nomatterwhat,I’llalwaysbethereforyou!”Andtearsbegantofillhiseyes.Ashelookedatthepileofruinsthatoncewastheschool,itlookedhopeless,buthekeptrememberinghiscommitmenttohisson.1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Over30,000peoplewerekilledintheinitialshock.B.MostofthebuildingsinAmericaweredestroyed.C.Theearthquakeonlylastedforfourminutes.D.Theearthquakeleftthecityinchaos.1.C细节理解题。通过文章第二段可知A,B,D三个答案是正确的。而C选项表述有误，“killingover30,000peopleinlessthanfourminutes”中的四分钟是指“initialshake”是首震，地震还没有结束。因此可知答案为C。Aftertheunforgettablyinitialshock,herememberedthepromisehehadmadetohisson:“Nomatterwhat,I’llalwaysbethereforyou!”Andtearsbegantofillhiseyes.Ashelookedatthepileofruinsthatoncewastheschool,itlookedhopeless,buthekeptrememberinghiscommitmenttohisson.2.Theunderlinedword“commitment”inParagraph2probablymeans.A.devotionB.admissionC.promiseD.mission2.C词义猜测题。由第二段中的“herememberedthepromisehehadmadetohisson:”可知答案。C.promiseCourageouslyhewentonalonebecauseheneededtoknowforhimself:“Ismyboyaliveordead?”…….Hescreamedhisson’sname,“ARMAND!”Heheardback,“Dad!?!It’sme,Dad!Itoldtheotherkidsnottoworry.Itoldthemthatifyouwerealive,you’dsavemeandwhenyousavedme,they’dbesaved.Youpromised,nomatterwhathappens,You’llalwaysbethereforme!Youdidit,Dad!”3.Fromthelastparagraphwecaninfer_____.A.Thefatherfoundhissonaliveinthe38thhour.B.Thesonisbraveandbelievesinhisfather.C.Armandandotherkidswerealltrappedundertheruins.D.Thefatherwentondiggingallbyhimself.B.Thesonisbraveandbelievesinhisfather.Courageouslyhewentonalonebecauseheneededtoknowforhimself:“Ismyboyaliveordead?”…….Hescreamedhisson’sname,“ARMAND!”Heheardback,“Dad!?!It’sme,Dad!Itoldtheotherkidsnottoworry.Itoldthemthatifyouwerealive,you’dsavemeandwhenyousavedme,they’dbesaved.Youpromised,nomatterwhathappens,You’llalwaysbethereforme!Youdidit,Dad!”4.What’smostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Appreciationfromtheparentswhosechildrenweresaved.B.Howtosavethekids