第5课翻译中文体意识

Chapter4StyleandTranslationStylehasbeenanobjectofstudyfromancienttimes.Aristotle,CiceroandQuintiliantreatedStyleastheproperadornmentofthought.1.Whatisstyle?TheodoreSavory:Styleistheessentialcharacteristicofeverypieceofwriting,theoutcomeofthewriter’spersonalityandhisemotionsatthemoment,andnosingleparagraphcanbeputtogetherwithoutrevealinginsomedegreethenatureofitsauthor.两份请帖，一份是比较正式的，用语也比较严谨。而另一份则是比较随意的，用语亲切而不拘礼。1)WillyoupleasehonormebycomingtomyhumblehomeforasimplemealthisFRIDAYevening?Wewillbeverypleasedifyoucancomeat6o’clock.2)Frank,we’dlikeyouandyourwifetocomeoverfordinnerthisFridayevening.Six-thirtyatourplace.Canyoumakeit．2Isstyletranslatable?Translatingconsistsinreproducingtheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessageinthetargetlanguage,firstlyintermsofmeaning,andsecondlyintermsofstyle.EugeneA.Nida风格可译：《茅盾译文选集》序：需将一个作家的风格翻译出来，这当然是相当困难的，……需要运用适合于原作风格的文学语言，把原作的内容与形式正确无遗地再现出来。除信、达外，还要又文采。这样的翻译既需要译者的创造性，而又要完全忠实于原作的面貌。这是对文学翻译的最高要求。周熙良“翻译与理论”：有人自诩翻译哪一个作家就能还出这个作家的面目或风格，我看这只是英雄欺人语；…..教外国文学的人最喜欢谈风格，但是，对于一个搞实际翻译的人来说，风格却是一个最难谈得清楚的东西。1家父已经仙逝/驾鹤乘祥。2我敬爱的父亲去世了。3我父亲已经死了。4我家的老头子上西天了。Mybelovedfatherhasjoinedtheheavenlychoir.Mydearfatherhaspassedaway.Myfatherhasdied.Myoldmanhaskickedthebucket.3Whycanstylisticsbeappliedtotranslation?Itliesinthatbothofthemhavethesameaim,thatis,howtofulfillsocialcommunicationwitheffectivelinguisticmethods.Theybothputemphasisonthesocialstandardofcommunicativefunction;theydon’tignorethetimelinessandindividualityofwritingstyleaswell.4LexicalLevelofStylisticDevicesInteractionofDictionaryandContextualMeanings;InteractionofPrimaryandDerivativeMeanings;InteractionofLogicalandEmotiveMeanings;IntensificationofaCertainFeatureofaThingorPhenomenon薄命女偏逢薄命郎葫芦僧乱判糊涂案TheBottle-gourdgirlmeetsanunfortunateyoungmanAndtheBottle-gourdmonksettlesaprotractedlawsuitAnIll-fatedGirlMeetsanIll-fatedManAConfoundedMonkEndsAConfoundedCaseADreamofRedMansions怨情美人卷帘珠，深坐颦娥眉。但见帘珠湿，不知心狠谁。AHeartBleedingTheblindsdrawnup,shesinksbackintoherseat,herbrowsstillknit.Tearstainstellofaheartbleedingforoneheartless.Butwho?翁显良：《古诗英译》WaitinginVainAladyfairuprollsthescreen,Witheyebrowsknitshewaitsinvain.Wetstainsoftearscanstillbeseen,Who,heartless,hascausedthepain?许渊冲：《唐诗三百首》一个年纪还小的小王，这时插嘴说：‘你老伴多大岁数？’老孙头说：‘四十九’。小王笑笑说：‘那用不着忙，还会生的。八十八，还能结瓜呀。’（周立波《暴风骤雨》）“Howoldisyourwife?”chimedayoungmanwhomeverybodycalledLittleWang.“Fortynine!”“Thenthereisnohurry,”Wangpursuedwithagrin,“Shewillyetblessyouwithaoffspring.Eighty-eight,nottoolate!”（许孟雄译）《京华烟云》里的一封书信Mydearparents:Ihaveenlisted.Whatwouldbethegoodofafamilyiftherewerenocountry?Ifeverysondeartohisparentsrefusestogotowar,howcanChinafightJapan?Pleasedonotworry.Ishallnotcomebacktillwehavedriventhedwarfsbackintothesea.Yourson,ATUNG父母大人尊前,敬禀者,儿已从军.念及国之不存,何以家为?若为人子者皆念父母儿女之私情,中国将来如何与日本作战?不驱倭寇于东海,誓不归来.儿阿通.5SyntacticalLevelofStylisticDevicesCompositionalPatternsofSyntacticalArrangement;ParticularWaysofCombiningPartsoftheUtterance;PeculiarUseofColloquialConstructions;TransferredUseofStructuralMeaning1Youareoldenoughtobemorereasonable.You’reoldenough,dearMissMiller,tobetalkedabout.翻译：你的年纪已经足够达到该通情达理了，密勒小姐，你已经到被人议论的年岁了。亲爱的密勒小姐，你年纪不小了，该懂点事了。你是个大姑娘了，会有人讲闲话的，你懂吗？2July4,2002DearSirs,WehavereceivedyourletterofJuly1.Inthespecialcircumstancesyoumentionedandbecauseofthepromptnesswithwhichyouhavealwayssettledwithusinthepast,wearewillingtogranttheextensionandlookforwardtoreceivingyourchequeinfullsettlementbyAugust31.Yourfaithfully.先生：七月一日函悉。由于您谈及的特殊情况，以及您方过去一向能迅速与我方结账，我们同意延期付款，谨希望在8月31日之前受到您方全部欠款的支票。您忠实的（）２００２年７月４日３。法律条文：《世界版权公约》第二条第二款：UnpublishedworksofnationalsofeachContractingStateshallenjoyineachotherContractingStatethesameprotectionasthatotherStateaccordstounpublishedworksofitsownnationals,aswellastheProtectionspeciallygrantedbythisConvention.译文：任何成员国国民未出版的作品，在其他各成员国中均享有后者给予其国民之未出版的作品同等的保护，并享有本公约所专门授予的保护。４：InsuranceshallbecoveredbytheSelleragainstAllRisksfor110%oftheinvoicevalue.译文1、卖方将以发票金额110%投保一切险。译文2、卖方应该以发票金额110%投保一切险。译文3、卖方须以发票金额110%投保一切险。英国散文作家亨特(LeighHunt1784-1859)的AFewThoughtsonSleep的最后一小段：Sleepismostgracefulinaninfant;soundest,inonewhohasbeentiredintheopenair;completest,totheseamanafterahardvoyage;mostwelcome,tothemindhauntedwithoneidea;mosttouchingtolookat,intheparentthathaswept;lightest,intheplayfulchild;proudest,inthebrideadored.婴儿的睡眠，最为优美；疲劳的人在户外睡眠，最为酣畅；水手在艰苦航程之后的睡眠，最为圆满；为某种意念所苦的人，对睡眠最为欢迎；哭泣后的母亲的睡眠，最动人心弦；一个顽皮小孩的睡眠，最为轻松；一个深受爱慕的新娘的睡眠，最为骄傲。张培基：“对于我们并非专门从事文学翻译的初学者来说，在表达方面只要做到两点就够了。第一，能区别口语与书面语，该文的时候文，该白的时候白，翻译对话像对话，翻译叙述像叙述；第二，能根据不同的文体使用不同的语言，翻译新闻像新闻，翻译文件像文件，翻译故事像故事，翻译诗歌像诗歌。如果在正确理解原文的基础上，能使译文做到这两点，这就很不错了。”王佐良：一切照原作，雅俗如之，深浅如之，口气如之，文体如之。