-0-生物工程课程设计说明书题目:玉米淀粉糖化罐设计院系:生物工程学院姓名:王家昕学号:1204s209指导老师:徐庆阳-1-目录1前言······························································22课程设计任务······················································23设计方案的拟定····················································24物料衡算··························································24.1制糖工序的物料衡算(每吨)·····································34.2衡算结果·····················································45热量衡算··························································45.1液化工序热量衡算·············································45.2糖化工序热量衡算·············································56水衡算····························································66.1糖化工序水衡算···············································67设备计算··························································67.1调浆槽·······················································67.2液化喷射系统·················································77.3调酸罐·······················································87.4糖化罐······················································97.5糖化罐外接管道··············································127.6板框压滤机·················································137.7糖液储罐···················································137.8高位碱罐···················································137.9生产中使用的泵·············································13-2-1.前言双酶法是通过淀粉酶将淀粉液化和糖化酶将其糖化成葡萄糖的生产工业。整个工业可分为两步:第一步,液化过程,用α-淀粉酶将淀粉液化为糊精及低聚糖,使淀粉可溶性增加。第二步,糖化,利用糖化酶将糊精或低聚糖进一步水解,转变为葡萄糖。其优点在于:酶的专一性,水解糖液浓度高。酶解条件温和,降低设备强度,可在较高的淀粉浓度下水解,水解液还原糖浓度高达30%以上,淀粉乳浓度高,制得的糖色浅无苦味,质量好,也适用于粗淀粉。其缺点:酶反应时间长,夏天糖液容易变质,糖液过滤困难,设备较多,须具备专门酶培养条件。综上所述,本设计将拟采用双酶法制糖工艺。工艺技术要点:1.调浆配料,根据需要,将淀粉乳调成15-20°Bé。用Na2CO3水溶液调pH6.4-6.5。CaCl2用量为干淀粉的0.15-0.3%,如果水中Ca2+超过50mg/l,也可不加CaCl2。α-淀粉酶加量按10-12单位u/g干淀粉计算。2.喷射液化,其规格根据需要选定,一般工作蒸汽压力0.4MPa,淀粉乳供料泵压力0.2-0.4MPa。喷射温度100-105℃,层流罐维持95-100℃,液化时间60min,以点色反应程棕红色即可。然后液化液经130-140℃灭酶5-10min,再经板式换热器,冷却至70℃以下,进入糖化罐。从换热器出来的热水供配料和洗滤渣用。3.糖化,糖化温度60±1℃,pH4.0-4.4,糖化酶加量按100-12u/g干淀粉计算。糖化时间30-40h,以无水乙醇检查无白色沉淀为终点,终点DE值为95-98%。然后将物料加热至80-85℃,灭酶30min。4.过滤,糖液先用Na2CO3水溶液调至pH4.6-4.8,不加或少量加助滤剂珍珠岩或活性炭,然后过滤,不加助滤剂的滤渣可用作饲料。所得糖液为淡黄或无色透明液体,还原糖含量25-38%。2.课程设计任务设计年产99.9%谷氨酸33000吨工厂淀粉糖化罐。3.设计方案的拟定设定的技术指标:年产量99.9%以上的谷氨酸33000吨;采用85%以上纯度的玉米淀粉为原料;全年生产天数为340天;气候条件:极端高温42℃,最低气温0-23℃,一般为10-30℃,主导风向,冬夏均为北风。粉糖转化率98%;产酸率:13g/dl;糖酸转化率:61%;提取收率:96%;糖化周期40hr;双酶法制糖生产周期48hr。4.物料衡算常用的酶法制糖工艺流程为:调浆—→配料—→一次喷射液化—→液化保温—→二次喷射—→高温维持—→二次液化—→冷却—→糖化-3-此工艺有如下五点:1.连续喷射液化:此法是利用喷射器将蒸汽直接喷射入淀粉乳薄层,在短时间内达到要求的温度,完成淀粉糊化、液化。从生产情况可以看出,此法液化效果较好,蛋白质杂质凝结在一起,使糖化液过滤性好,同时该设备简单,便于连续化操作。2.层流罐的应用:众所周知,淀粉液化的目的是为糖化酶作用创造条件,而糖化酶水解糊精及低聚糖时,需要先与底物分子结合生成络合结构,然后才发生水解作用,使葡萄糖单位逐个从糖甘键中裂解出来,这就要求被作用的底物分子具有一定的大小范围,才有利于于糖化酶生成这种络合物,为了保证底物分子大小在一定范围内,客观上要求液化要均匀。传统的液化保温罐,先进入的料液不能保证先出去,造成先进料液液化过头,后进料液液化不完全,如此前后液化不均匀。为此设计了一层流罐。本关细而高,料液从上部切线进料以防料液走短路,料液从下部排出,从而保证了料液先进先出,最后液化均匀一致。3.快速升温灭酶:高温处理时,通过喷射器快速升温至120-145℃,快速升温比逐步升温产生的“不溶性淀粉颗粒”少,所得的液化液既透明又易过滤,淀粉出糖滤高,同时由于采取快速升温法,缩短了生产周期。4.高温分散:通过喷射器加热到120-145℃,在维持罐内维持5-10分钟左右,使已形成的“不容性淀粉颗粒”在高温作用下分散,同时蛋白质进一步凝固。5.真空闪急冷却:液化液浓度可以增高,同时利用高压差淀粉会进一步分散,出糖率可以增高。4.1.制糖工序的物料衡算(每吨)1.淀粉浆及加水量:1:1.5,1000kg工业淀粉加水量为1000×1.5=1500kg产淀粉浆量为:1000×(1+1.5)=2500(kg)2.淀粉浆干物质浓度:(1000×85%)/2500×100%=34%3.液化酶量:2500×0.25%=6.25(kg)4.CaCl2量:2500×0.25%=6.25(kg)5.糖化酶量,用液体糖化酶:2500×0.25%=6.25(kg)6.糖化液产量:(1000×85%×1.111×98%)/30%=3082(kg)30%的糖液相对密度为1.113-4-糖化液体积:3082/1.113=2769(L)7.加珍珠岩量为糖液的0.15%3082×0.15%=4.6(kg)8.滤渣产量为含水70%的废珍珠岩4.6/(1-70%)=15.3(kg)9.生产过程中进入的蒸汽和洗水量:3082+15.3-2500-6.25×3-4.6=574(kg)由于设计需留一定余量,故按每日处理吨淀粉进行糖化罐设计。4.2.衡算结果根据总物料衡算,日投入工业淀粉200t,物料衡算汇总列如下:工业淀粉200000kg200t配料水300000kg300t液化酶1250kg1.25tCaCl21250kg1.25t糖化酶1250kg1.25t珍珠岩920kg0.92t洗水和蒸汽114800kg114.8t糖液616400kg616.4t滤渣3060kg3.06t5.热量衡算5.1.液化工序热量衡算1.粉浆(1)淀粉浆量根据物料衡算,日投工业淀粉200t;连续液化200/24=8.33(t/h)粉浆量为500/24=20.83(t/h)(2)粉浆干物质浓度:(200×85%/500)×100%=34%(3)粉浆比热CC=C0X/100+C水(100-X)/100C=1.55×34/100+4.18×(100-34)/100=3.29[kJ/(kg·K)](4)蒸汽用量-5-D=[GC(T2-T1)]/(I-λ)=[20830×3.29×(90-20)]/(2738-377)=2032(kg/h)2.灭菌用蒸汽量灭菌时将液化液由90℃加热至100℃,在100℃时的λ为419kJ/kgD灭=[20830×3.29×(100-90)/(2738-419)]=290(kg/h)要求在20min内使液化液由90℃升至100℃,则蒸汽高峰量为:290×60/20=870(kg/h)以上两项合计,平均量2032+290=2322(kg/h)每日用量2.3×24=55.2(t/d)高峰量2032+870=2902(kg/h)3.液化液冷却用水量使用板式换热器,将物料由100℃降至65℃,使用二次水,冷却水进口温度20℃,出口温度58.7℃,需冷却水量(W)W=[(20830+2032)×3.29×(100-65)]/[(58.7-20)×4.18]=16274(kg/h)=390(t/d)5.2.糖化工序热量衡算日产30%的糖液616t,即616/1.113=553(m3)糖化操作周期48h,其中糖化时间40h,糖化罐150m3,装料112.5m3,需糖化罐(553/112.5)×(48/40)=5.9,取6台。使用板式换热器,使糖化液(经灭菌后)由85℃降至60℃,用二次水冷却,冷却水进口温度20℃,出口温度45℃,平均用水量为[22862×3.29×(85-60)]/[(45-20)×4.18]=17994(kg/h)式中22862为糖化液量(糖化液+蒸汽冷凝水=20830+2032)要求在2h把112.5m3糖化液冷却至40℃,高峰用水量为(17994/22862)×(112500×1.113/2)=49276(kg/h)每日糖化罐同时运转6×40/48=5罐每投(放)料罐次-6-553/112.5=4.9罐次每日冷却水用量17.9×24=429.6(t/d)6.水衡算6.1.糖化工序用水量1.配料用水量:日投工业淀粉200t,加水比1:1.5,用水量为200×1.5=300(t/d)因连续生产,平均水量=高峰水量为300/24=12.5(t/h)(用新鲜水)2.液化液冷却用水量:平均量=高峰量为390(t/d)=16.25(t/h)(二次水)3.糖液冷却水用量(使用二次水):每日用冷却水量429.6t/d平均量429.6/24=17.9t/h高峰量49t/h7.设备计算7.1.调浆槽1.34%的淀粉乳波密度为19.1,相对密度为1.1519,淀粉干基含量390.160g/L,淀粉干基体积百分含量33.941%。每日处理淀粉乳体积500/1.1519=434m3取装填系数80%则需调浆槽体积434/80%=542.5m3故取200m3调浆槽3个。D/H=1:1.5D=(4V/1.5π)1/3=5.538m取