开关电源发展与压电材料应用展望

TRANSONEROverview.PiezoelectrictransformersforCCFLbacklightingFaceElectronics,LC.,Virginia,USADecember5,2001Dr.AlfredoVázquezCarazo427W.35thSt.Norfolk,VAUSAPhone:757.624.2121Fax:[e-mail],PulseEngineeringPiezoelectricTransformersTRANSONERMagneticTransformerRosen-typePiezo-TransformerTransonerPiezo-TransformerUnitsincmTransformersforCCFLbacklightingPiezoelectricity:BasicconceptsPiezoelectricTransformersTRANSONERINVERSEPIEZOELECTRICEFFECTElectricaltoMechanicalenergyconversionDIRECTPIEZOELECTRICEFFECTMechanicaltoElectricalenergyconversion•PZT:DiscoveredinJapanearlyinthe1950s.Thesematerialsareusableatleastto250o.Rosen-typePiezoelectricTransformersPLOADInputPartOutputPartUinhLLPTechnicalliteraturerefersthenameofPIEZOTRANSFORMERtothedevicewhichwasinitiallydevelopedforCharlesA.RosenandKeithFish(1954).Source:ThesisAlfredoVazquezBackgroundonPiezoelectricTransformersPiezoelectricTransformersTRANSONERBackgroundonPiezoelectricTransformersPiezoelectricTransformersTRANSONERTypesof‘Rosen’-piezoelectrictransformersPiezoelectricTransformersTRANSONERFamilyPhotosBackgroundonPiezoelectricTransformers(PTs)Rosen:FirstPatentonPTsBerlincourt:Ballastforgaseousdischargelamp(VermitronCorp.)PTsforTVreceivers–HVforcathoderay.(DenjiOnkyoLimited,Matsushita,Motorola,RCACorp.)PTsfortriggeringpowerswitchesgateswithgalvanicdecoupling(Triacs,Tiristors,Mosfets,etc.):Siemens,GeneralElectric.PTsforbacklightCCFLinlap-topcomputers.(NEC,Murata,Matsushita,Taiheiyo,Tamura,Motorola,Tokin,etc.)195870’s70s80s85stopresentIncreasePowerDensity:SmallersizesCurrenttargetBackgroundonPiezoelectricTransformersPiezoelectricTransformersTRANSONERWhatwaswrongwith“those”Piezo-trafosSUCCESFULLYIMPROVEDSINCE1985’sMaterialDrivingCircuitryManufacturingProcessMountingPZT-Materialunderdevelopment–(1954)(lowQ,highdielectriclosses,lowcouplingcoef.).HighSinteringMaterialsExpensiveNotape-castingtechniquesLimitonsizesDoublePolarizationProcessnooptimizedReliablehousingtechniquesunderdevelopmentElectroniccircuitbasedondiscretecomponentsLimitedPOWERCAPABILITIES(5W/cm3)PowerLowVoltageMechanicalVibration(Resonance)HighVoltageInverseEffectDirectEffectFlatandthindesignNoelectromagneticnoise/nocoilsHighpower-densityandstep-upratioHighefficiencyNon-flammableINPUTOUPUTPiezoelectricBodyPPLOADHighimmunitytoexternalEMI,lowprofile,compactBackgroundonPiezoelectricTransformersPiezoelectricTransformersTRANSONERHowdotheyoperate?.Resonance010203040506070InputImpedanceopencircuitconditionsImpedance[Ohms]1stlongitudinalmode(fundamental)3rdlongitudinalmode100200300400500600Frequency[kHz]-100-80-60-40-200204060Phase[Degrees]fRfABackgroundonPiezoelectricTransformersPiezoelectricTransformersTRANSONERINPUTOUPUTPiezoelectricBodyPPLOAD/2mode3/2modeINPUTOUPUTPiezoelectricBodyPPLOADPPiezoelectricTransformersTRANSONERFeatures:SimpleconstructionwithoutwindingsNowindingshortsduringoperationNomagneticfieldinvolveintheoperation(reducedRFandEMI)LowprofileHighefficiencyNon-flammable98%TypicalEfficiencyNoHighVoltage“CoronaEffect”PureSineWaveOutput(MinorDistortion)SurfaceTemperatureraisingT35Kduetotheirexcellentthermaldissipationbehavior.Piezoelectricvs.Magnetic5W50W100W220W1kV10V5kV10kVMaterialImprovementsDimensionalRedesignModularDesignPowerDelivery[W]OutputVoltage[Vp]Step-upratio50-100InputVoltageinCCFLapplicat.(NEC,Tokin,Murata,etc)JAPAN(1985-2000)ImprovementsUSA1958Rosen-typePPT6T1T3USA1998TRANSONERTECHNOLOGY(FaceInter.Corp)NewPiezo-TrafotechnologiesPiezoelectricTransformersTRANSONERInsulationLayerOutputLayerInputLayerPPT3-HVTransonerPPCONSTRUCTIONCOUPLINGAREAPOLINGDIRECTIONSTRESSDIRECTION(LONGITUDINALvs.RADIAL+SHEAR)PiezoelectricTransformersTRANSONERRosenvs.TransonerInsulationLayerOutputLayerInputLayerPPInputPartOutputPartk33+k31k33+k31+k15K153.k31PiezoelectricTransformersTRANSONERRosenvs.TransonerTRANSONERADVANTAGESSimpleachievementofISOLATIONcapabilities35kVbyaddingaisolationlayerThestackconceptallowsaLARGERMECHANICALCOUPLINGAREAandthusahigherpowerdensityINPUTANDINPUTCAPACITANCEScanbeindependentlydesignedwithouthavingthesamethickness.Largerstep-upratiosAsaresultSMALLERSIZESandmorecompactandefficientinvertercanbedevelopedRosen-typeTransoner-typeELECTRICALENERGYVoltage,currentELECTRICALENERGYVoltage,currentPPTransducerActuatorTFigureofasimpletwo-layerTransonerP=PolarizationdirectionT=StressdirectionTransoner:TypesandspecificationsPiezoelectricTransformersTRANSONERPatentNotice:TechnologydisclosedonthispagecoveredbyoneormoreissuedorpendingU.S.andInternationalpatentsownedbyfaceInternationalCorporation,Norfolk,Virginia,USA.OutputLayerInputLayerRLPPPPInsulationLayerOutputLayerInputLayerRLT1-TypeTransonerLargePowerStep-upandStep-downMedium,lowimpedanceloads200-1k(Linearfluorescent)T3-TypeTransonerMedium-lowPower(5-8W)VeryhighStep-up(200)Largeimpedanceloads50k-300k(CCFL)MiniT1TransonerMini-size(5mm2x1mm)Step-upMediumimpedanceloads200-1k(PDA,CellPhones)Transoner:TypesandspecificationsPiezoelectricTransformersTRANSONERTypicalHighVoltageTra