第一篇 生物大分子的结构与功能

两汉时期，皇帝的舅舅、外祖父安例封侯;若皇帝幼小，执政大臣也主要从他们之中选择。这被当时人视为“安宗庙，重社稷”的“汉家之制”。汉代出现外戚干政的背景是thisend,HongHaiquanNanxunhomedecidedtotemporaryshelters,butjusttheNanxun,JapanesexuanfuclasstraitorsofNanxunfromDivisionalInvestigationTeam,senttofloodhomevisits.ForcedHongHaiquantozhenze,temporaryresidencehisfather'steashop.InApril,agreedbytheZhuangShaozhen,HongHaiquandefectedtoanti-JapanesebaseareaofsouthernJiangsuProvince.InOctober1940,theKMTbrewingforthesecondwaveofanti-communist,WujiangCountypoliticalteamwaswithdrawn,replacedbyyouthteam.ZhuangShaozhenpublishedbeforethenewidentitywasremovedfrompostofCaptainoftheCounty'spoliticalteam.Communistsjindapengmanagedtoserveascaptainoftheyouthteam,Countypoliticalgroupoftheoriginalofficerstransferredtotheyouthteam,savedtherevolutionaryforces.InMarchorApril1941,jiuguojunenteredtheTomb,huntforCommunists.ZhuangShaozhenintoruralactivitieswerearrested.ThankstoZhuangShaozhenterrainatnightwhiletheenemyunpreparedafterthewittogetaway,totheliberatedareasofnorthernJiangsu.2,andCPCCentralCommitteespecialsectionsystemApril1938,CPCCentralCommitteespecialsectioninShanghaiofintelligenceheadXuQiang,andplateaudelegateinsecondtimesdomesticrevolutionarywarperiodjoinedCPC,andhadparticipateinhadNortheastanti-Japanesevolunteer,hasinBeijing,andShanghai,toengagedinpartyofintelligenceworkofShandongprovinceYixianpeopleLiYuautumn(andnameChenxiantang第一篇生物大分子的结构与功能第一章氨基酸和蛋白质一、组成蛋白质的20种氨基酸的分类１、非极性氨基酸包括：甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸２、极性氨基酸极性中性氨基酸：色氨酸、酪氨酸、丝氨酸、半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、苏氨酸酸性氨基酸：天冬氨酸、谷氨酸碱性氨基酸：赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸其中：属于芳香族氨基酸的是：色氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸属于亚氨基酸的是：脯氨酸含硫氨基酸包括：半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸注意：在识记时可以只记第一个字，如酸性天冬谷碱性赖精组。二、氨基酸的理化性质１、两性解离及等电点氨基酸分子中有游离的氨基和游离的羧基，能与酸或碱类物质结合成盐，故它是一种两性电解质。在某一ＰＨ的溶液中，氨基酸解离两汉时期，皇帝的舅舅、外祖父安例封侯;若皇帝幼小，执政大臣也主要从他们之中选择。这被当时人视为“安宗庙，重社稷”的“汉家之制”。汉代出现外戚干政的背景是thisend,HongHaiquanNanxunhomedecidedtotemporaryshelters,butjusttheNanxun,JapanesexuanfuclasstraitorsofNanxunfromDivisionalInvestigationTeam,senttofloodhomevisits.ForcedHongHaiquantozhenze,temporaryresidencehisfather'steashop.InApril,agreedbytheZhuangShaozhen,HongHaiquandefectedtoanti-JapanesebaseareaofsouthernJiangsuProvince.InOctober1940,theKMTbrewingforthesecondwaveofanti-communist,WujiangCountypoliticalteamwaswithdrawn,replacedbyyouthteam.ZhuangShaozhenpublishedbeforethenewidentitywasremovedfrompostofCaptainoftheCounty'spoliticalteam.Communistsjindapengmanagedtoserveascaptainoftheyouthteam,Countypoliticalgroupoftheoriginalofficerstransferredtotheyouthteam,savedtherevolutionaryforces.InMarchorApril1941,jiuguojunenteredtheTomb,huntforCommunists.ZhuangShaozhenintoruralactivitieswerearrested.ThankstoZhuangShaozhenterrainatnightwhiletheenemyunpreparedafterthewittogetaway,totheliberatedareasofnorthernJiangsu.2,andCPCCentralCommitteespecialsectionsystemApril1938,CPCCentralCommitteespecialsectioninShanghaiofintelligenceheadXuQiang,andplateaudelegateinsecondtimesdomesticrevolutionarywarperiodjoinedCPC,andhadparticipateinhadNortheastanti-Japanesevolunteer,hasinBeijing,andShanghai,toengagedinpartyofintelligenceworkofShandongprovinceYixianpeopleLiYuautumn(andnameChenxiantang成阳离子和阴离子的趋势及程度相等，成为兼性离子，呈电中性，此时溶液的ＰＨ称为该氨基酸的等电点。２、氨基酸的紫外吸收性质芳香族氨基酸在280nm波长附近有最大的紫外吸收峰，由于大多数蛋白质含有这些氨基酸残基，氨基酸残基数与蛋白质含量成正比，故通过对280nm波长的紫外吸光度的测量可对蛋白质溶液进行定量分析。３、茚三酮反应氨基酸的氨基与茚三酮水合物反应可生成蓝紫色化合物，此化合物最大吸收峰在570nm波长处。由于此吸收峰值的大小与氨基酸释放出的氨量成正比，因此可作为氨基酸定量分析方法。三、肽两分子氨基酸可借一分子所含的氨基与另一分子所带的羧基脱去１分子水缩合成最简单的二肽。二肽中游离的氨基和羧基继续借脱水作用缩合连成多肽。10个以内氨基酸连接而成多肽称为寡肽；39个氨基酸残基组成的促肾上腺皮质激素称为多肽；51个氨基酸残基组成的胰岛素归为蛋白质。多肽连中的自由氨基末端称为Ｎ端，自由羧基末端称为Ｃ端，命名从Ｎ端指向Ｃ端。人体内存在许多具有生物活性的肽，重要的有：谷胱甘肽（GSH）：是由谷、半胱和甘氨酸组成的三肽。半胱氨酸两汉时期，皇帝的舅舅、外祖父安例封侯;若皇帝幼小，执政大臣也主要从他们之中选择。这被当时人视为“安宗庙，重社稷”的“汉家之制”。汉代出现外戚干政的背景是thisend,HongHaiquanNanxunhomedecidedtotemporaryshelters,butjusttheNanxun,JapanesexuanfuclasstraitorsofNanxunfromDivisionalInvestigationTeam,senttofloodhomevisits.ForcedHongHaiquantozhenze,temporaryresidencehisfather'steashop.InApril,agreedbytheZhuangShaozhen,HongHaiquandefectedtoanti-JapanesebaseareaofsouthernJiangsuProvince.InOctober1940,theKMTbrewingforthesecondwaveofanti-communist,WujiangCountypoliticalteamwaswithdrawn,replacedbyyouthteam.ZhuangShaozhenpublishedbeforethenewidentitywasremovedfrompostofCaptainoftheCounty'spoliticalteam.Communistsjindapengmanagedtoserveascaptainoftheyouthteam,Countypoliticalgroupoftheoriginalofficerstransferredtotheyouthteam,savedtherevolutionaryforces.InMarchorApril1941,jiuguojunenteredtheTomb,huntforCommunists.ZhuangShaozhenintoruralactivitieswerearrested.ThankstoZhuangShaozhenterrainatnightwhiletheenemyunpreparedafterthewittogetaway,totheliberatedareasofnorthernJiangsu.2,andCPCCentralCommitteespecialsectionsystemApril1938,CPCCentralCommitteespecialsectioninShanghaiofintelligenceheadXuQiang,andplateaudelegateinsecondtimesdomesticrevolutionarywarperiodjoinedCPC,andhadparticipateinhadNortheastanti-Japanesevolunteer,hasinBeijing,andShanghai,toengagedinpartyofintelligenceworkofShandongprovinceYixianpeopleLiYuautumn(andnameChenxiantang的巯基是该化合物的主要功能基团。GSH的巯基具有还原性，可作为体内重要的还原剂保护体内蛋白质或酶分子中巯基免被氧化，使蛋白质或酶处于活性状态。四、蛋白质的分子结构１、蛋白质的一级结构：即蛋白质分子中氨基酸的排列顺序。主要化学键：肽键，有些蛋白质还包含二硫键。