10年博士入学考试-基础英语

1华东政法大学2010年博士研究生入学考试英语试卷第一部分基础英语试题PartI:Grammar&Vocabulary(10%)Directions:ChoosethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachsentenceandthenmarkyouranswersonyourANSWERSHEET1.1.Tomostpeople,marriageisa_______affair.A.love-and-hatredB.noworneverC.win-winsituationD.give-and-take2.Wetriedtosettletheargumentbut________nothing.A.finishB.completedC.endedD.accomplished3.Weshouldsettleourdifferenceby______________notbywar.A.assignmentB.compromiseC.securityD.appointment4.Trampsaspioneers?Itseemedabsurd.Ikept_____theidea_____.A.pondering,aboutB.mulling,aboutC.thinking,ofD.speculating,on5.Peoplebecome_____theplacetheylivein.A.associatedwithB.attachedtoC.appreciativeofD.attachablewith6.SincethedaysofColumbus,Americahasbeenanothernameforopportunity,whereoneseemstoaccomplish_______.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.little7.Nomatterhowdifficulttheproblemis,hecanhandleit_____.A.atequaleaseB.ofequaleaseC.withequaleaseD.fromequalease8.Thesuccessfultrampswouldbe______thepioneers.A.equalB.equalofC.equaltoD.equals9.It’slikelyfortheoutstandingonestostandout______therest.A.offB.ofC.fromD.aboveB.10.It’shumannatureto_____wealth____reachandneglecthappinessalready______.A.crave,within,withinreachB.cravefor,outof,inhand2C.chaseafter,beyond,beyondreachD.seekafter,within,outofhand11.___hersurprise,migrantworkersare__________.A.Outof,atoughandhard-workinglotB.To,adiligentandcheerfullotC.To,diligentandtoughlots.D.Outof,toughandhard-workinglot12.Whenaskedwhetherit’sthe______heis_____,theanswer,aftersome____,isinvariablythesame.A.money,after,hesitantB.money,cravingfor,thoughtC.money,chasingafter,considerateD.money,craving,thinking13.Resourcefulasthegeneralwas,helet____spreadthathewouldattackonacertaindaynextmonth.A.thewordB.wordC.awordD.words14.The______wouldperishinaworldoffiercecompetition.A.adaptableB.adaptedC.inadaptableD.adaptive15.It’seasyforthetrampsto______temperandget_____withthesteadyjob.A.lose,sickB.control,fedupC.lose,fedupD.control,sickandtired16.Wegenuinely______youropinionandyoursuggestion.A.appreciateofB.valueC.evaluateasD.estimateabout17.TheEmpireStateBuildingisafamous______ontheNewYorkskyline.A.stumblingblockB.steppingblockC.landmarkD.springboard18.Theteachertriedto_____thenewboy____bylettinghimsaysomethingabouthishometown.A.draw…forB.draw…backC.draw…awayD.draw…upon19.Thegrasswas____withdew.Dropsofwater_______inthesun.A.full,sparkledB.wet,sparkledC.filled,gleamedD.abundant,gleamed320.Whathesaidlastnightis______anuisancethanitshouldbe.A.moreofB.lessthanC.justasD.morelikePartII:ReadingComprehension(15%).Direction:Thereare3readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOne:Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.BetweentheeighthandeleventhcenturiesA.D.,theByzantineEmpirestagedanalmostunparalleledeconomicandculturalrevival,arecoverythatisallthemorestrikingbecauseitfollowedalongperiodofsevereinternaldecline.Bytheearlyeighthcentury,theempirehadlostroughlytwo-thirdsoftheterritoryithadpossessedintheyear600,anditsremainingareawasbeingraidedbyArabsandBulgarians,whoattimesthreatenedtotakeConstantinopleandextinguishtheempirealtogether.Thewealthofthestateanditssubjectswasgreatlydiminished,andartisticandliteraryproductionhadvirtuallyceased.Bytheearlyeleventhcentury,however,theempirehadregainedalmosthalfofitslostpossessions,itsnewfrontiersweresecure,anditsinfluenceextendedfarbeyonditsborders.Theeconomyhadrecovered,thetreasurywasfull,andartandscholarshiphadadvanced.ToconsidertheByzantinemilitary,cultural,andeconomicadvancesasdifferentiatedaspectsofasinglephenomenonisreasonable.Afterall,thesethreeformsofprogresshavegonetogetherinanumberofstatesandcivilizations.RomeunderAugustusandfifth-centuryAthensprovidethemostobviousexamplesinantiquity.Moreover,anexaminationoftheapparentsequentialconnectionsamongmilitary,economic,andculturalformsofprogressmighthelpexplainthedynamicsofhistoricalchange.ThecommonexplanationoftheseapparentconnectionsinthecaseofByzantiumwouldrunlikethis:whentheempirehadturnedbackenemyraidsonitsownterritoryandhadbeguntoraidandconquerenemyterritory,Byzantineresourcesnaturallyexpandedandmoremoneybecameavailabletopatronizeartandliterature.Therefore,Byzantinemilitaryachievementsledtoeconomicadvances,whichinturnledtoculturalrevival.Nodoubtthishypotheticalpatterndidapplyattimesduringthecourseoftherecovery.Yetitisnotclearthatmilitaryadvancesinvariablycamefirst.Economicadvancessecond,andintellectualadvancesthird.Inthe860’stheByzantineEmpirebegantorecoverfromArabincursionssothat4by872themilitarybalancewiththeAbbasidCaliphatehadbeenpermanentlyalteredintheempire’sfavor.Thebeginningoftheempire’seconomicrevival,however,canbeplacedbetween810and830.Finally,theByzantinerevivaloflearningappearstohavebegunevenearlier.Anumberofnotablescholarsandwritersappearedby788and,bythelastdecadeoftheeighthcentury,aculturalrevivalwasinfullbloom,arevivalthatlastedun