41语法填空解题技巧

语法填空训练及考点突破1、阅读、理解语篇的能力;2、分析句子结构的能力;3、熟练运用语法,短语的能力。全国高考语法填空题两类“空”：纯空格（3个）给词空(7个）1.谓语（时态—语态—数）2.非谓语（todo---doing—done)3.词类转换(名—形—副）冠、代、介、连、及一些副词冠词代词介词连词/引导词名词动词形容词副词2014年新课标I卷1212312014新课标II卷1114112015新课标I卷1111422015新课标II卷11114112014-2015年全国高考语法填空词类分布：纯空格给词空1个助动词解题技巧1①：句中没有谓语，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但中间有并列、转折或从属连词时，需填的词则是谓语动词。时态考虑要瞻前顾后。例1.In1969,thepollutionwasterrible.It_____(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.was例2.Aboyonabike_______(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.caught例3.Peoplesteppedonyourfeetor_____(push)youwiththeirelbows(肘部)，hurryingaheadtogettobargain.pushed例4.…….Thecountrylifehewasusedto____________（change）greatlysincetheopeningpolicy.例5.I’mafraidthisisthebestwaywecanthinkof__________(help)you.haschangedtohelp例6.Nobodyknowswhat_____________________(happen)ifshehadrefusedtopay.wouldhavehappened例7.Hewalkedinasifhe____________(buy)theschool.hadbought括号内给出动词的原形，做题时首先找出句子的主干，确定主句，如果缺谓语，就要根据上下文语境和意思确定动词的数、时态、语态和语气。应试策略1、考查在语境中判断动词的时态。常考的时态为：现在:一般现在、一般将来、现在进行、现在完成。过去:一般过去、过去进行、过去将来、过去完成。2、时间、条件、等状语从句中动词的时态(主将从现)(if/unless/assoonas/after/before/when等);3、时态标志；4、时态一致性原则；5、上下文语境；解题技巧2：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语或从句时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用doing形式，done形式，还是todo形式。非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。例1.……butitisnotenoughonly______________(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.tomemorize例2.……_________(speak)outyourinnerfeelingwon’tmakeyoufeelashamed,onthecontrary……Speaking注意：作主语或宾语时，通常用doing/beingdone形式表示习惯或一般情况；用todo/tobedone形式表示具体情况或将来；用havingdone/havingbeendone表示已发生。s.v.p.s.v.例3.……____________(complete)theprojectasplanned,wewillhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.Tocomplete例5.Somepeoplesaythatchildren,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikely_____________(success.)tosucceed注意：作目的状语或者在固定结构中，一般用todo形式。例4.Theyoungstudentdidallthathecould______(pass)theexaminations.topasss.v.s.v.o.adverbialadverbial例6.Hesawthestone,______(say)tohimself:“Thenightwillbeverydark.”saying注意：分词作伴随状语，原因状语，条件状语等时，要看它与逻辑主语的关系确定形式。s.v.o.例7.Therewillbeameeting,_______(start)laterthisyeartoreviewthefilm.learned注意：1.分词做状语时，主要看它与句子主语之间的关系确定形式。2.分词做后置定语时，主要看它与被修饰词之间的关系确定形式。starting例8.…….Lessons_________(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.s.v.o.s.v.非谓语动词，包括V-ing形式、V-ed形式和动词不定式。做题时确定所给出的词与其所修饰的词或其逻辑主语的关系。如果与中心词是主动关系，；如果与中心词是被动关系，；如果表示将来或目的，一般用V-ing形式一般用V-ed形式应试策略一般用动词不定式。技巧2：词类转换题要先确定在句中的成分。dangerous例1.Ina_________(danger)partoftheseaoffthecoastofNewZealand,theylearntto……例2.Theremustbesomething_________(serious)wrongwithoursociety.seriously例4.Theotherfrogwentonjumpingashardashecould….Hejumpedeven________(hard)andfinallymadehimselfout.unnecessary例3.Yourmistakecausedalotof____________(necessity)workintheoffice.uselessdifferentlyappearancepersonal1.Mostofthepeopleinthetownshowedpityonhim,butitwas________(use).2.Butarecentstudysawthingsquite_________(different).3.Theorderinwhichtheyfinishedwoulddecidetheorderoftheir____________(appear)intheChinesecalendar.4.…,soI’mverycarefulnottogiveoutmy__________(person)information.exercisescheaperworst5.Oneofthe________(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher,MsChen.6.Forafamilyoffour,forexample,itismoreconvenientaswellas_______(cheap)tositcomfortablyathome,…括号内给出形容词或副词，要根据上下文语境确定用原级、比较级还是最高级形式。应试策略形容词修饰名词/代词副词修饰动词/形容词/副词/句子Itis/was+形容词（+for/ofsb)+todo括号内给出单词的其他形式，通过分析句子结构，判断句子缺少什么成分（修饰什么词），再用正确的单词形式补充完整，该空同时考查同学们的单词拼写能力。Readthefollowingsentencesandfillintheblanksaccordingtotherequirements.Thenfindouttherules.纯空格类考点讲解：1.冠词2.代词3.介词4.连词或副词5.引导词1.Anonlychildwillsucceedfor______samereason.2.Youcannowmake_______educateddecisionaboutwhatcareertopursue.3.Theauthorofthestudysuggestedthatencouragingmorebooksreadingmightbe____usefulwaytopreventchildhoodaccidents.theana冠词如果空格后是单数可数名词，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填不定冠词(a,an)，如果是特指，就要定冠词the。如果空格后是序数词、最高级或提及上文提到过的人或物等时，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填定冠词(the)。应试策略1.Firstly,wemustunderstandthelanguagewhenwehear______spoken.2.Thelittleboypulled_______righthandoutofthepocketandstudiedanumberofcoinsinit.3.Ipatientlywalkedtothelibrary,tookmyseatanddidsomedeepbreathingtohelprelax_________.itmyselfhis代词首先找出代词所指代的名词，根据其在句中所充当的成分确定用哪个代词。如果空格后是名词，就应该考虑空格处是否用物主代词(my,your,his等)、指示代词(this,that等)、不定代词(few,little,many,much,all,each,every,both,neither,other等)、名词所有格或形容词等进行修饰。应试策略1.Televisionisnowplayingaveryimportantrole______ourlife.2.…morethanninethousandyoungAmericans,dissatisfiedwiththeirtrainingathome,wenttoGermany______advancedstudy.3.ItwasinthisveryroomthatIgavebirth______Lindaseventeenyearsago.fortoin介词介词可位于名词之前。如atnight,onSunday等；也可位于形容词之后，如beinterestedin,begoodat等；还可位于不及物动词之后，如listento,arriveat,lookfor等。应试策略掌握一些常用介词的用法、含义和固定搭配；1.Ifafamilyhasmanychildren,themiddleonesometimesgetslostinthecrowd.Theyoungestchild,_________,oftengetsspecialtreatment.2.Astheoxcameashore,theratjumpedoffandfinishedtheracefirst.___________theratgotthefirstyearnamedafterhimandtheoxgotthesecondyear.3.…Iaskedmyclassmatesaboutherinterest______thenImademyfinaldecision.howeverandSo/Thus连词或副词空格前后两个句子都含有主谓结构时，则要根据上下文的逻辑关系，选择适当的副词或连词。表示递进：so,for,therefore,thus等；further,furthermore,moreover,inaddition等；but,nevertheless,however,yet,while,