单片机外文文献

MICROCONTROLLERBASEDDRIPIRRIGATIONSYSTEMUSINGSMARTSENSORNileshR.PatelAssist.Prof.,ElectronicsandTelecommunicationJDIET,Yavatmal,[e-mail].,ElectronicsandTelecommunicationSSGMCE,Shegaon,IndiaSwarupS.MathurkarM.Tech.,ElectronicsandTelecommunicationGCOEA,Amravati,IndiaAshwinA.BhandekarAssist.Prof.,ElectronicsandTelecommunicationDESCET,DhamangaonRly,IndiaAbstract—Inthepastcoupleofdecades,thereisrapidgrowthintermsoftechnologyinthefieldofagriculture.Differentmonitoringandcontrolledsystemsareinstalledinordertoincreasetheyield.Theyieldratemaydeceasesduetonumerousfactors.Diseaseisoneofthekeyfactorsthatcausethedegradationofyield.Sothedevelopedmonitoringsystemmainlyfocusesonpredictingthestartofgerminationofthedisease.SensormoduleisusedtodetectdifferentenvironmentalconditionacrossthefarmandthesenseddataisdisplayedonLiquidcrystaldisplayusingmicrocontroller.Microcontrollerwirelesslytransmitsdifferentenvironmentconditionsacrossthefarmtocentralunitwheredataisstored,andanalysed.Centralunitchecksthepresentdatawithdiseaseconditionandifmatchesthenitcommandsmicrocontrollertooperaterelay.Sensormoduleistestedfordifferenttemperaturerangeanditisfoundthattherearelittlevariationsinrecordedvalues.Wirelessdatatransferistestedwiththeintroductionofvariousobstacleslikewall,metalbody,magnet,etc.anditisfoundthatsamedataistransferredtocentralunitbutwithsomeamountofdelayinit.Thedevelopedsystemnearlypredictsthestartofgerminationofdisease.Keywords—agriculture;disease;microcontroller;monitoringsystem;wireless;I.INTRODUCTIONAgricultureprovidesthebasicplatformfortheeconomyofmostofthecountries.Itisoneofthemainsourceoflivelihoodofpeople.Itprovidesnotonlyfoodbutalsosomeimportantrawmaterials.Theotheradvantagethatagricultureprovidesislargescaleemployment.Butinlastcoupleofdecades,itisobservedthattheyieldrateisnotbeenincreased,whereasinsomeareasitisevendeclined.Therearenumberoffactorswhichareresponsibleforthelowyield.Itmaybeduetofertilizerabuse,reducingarableland,fragmentationofagriculturalland,agriculturalindebtedness,waterwaste,lowsoilfertility,climatechangeordiseases,etc.[1].Outofthese,diseaseisoneofthemajorfactorwhichhasaffectedtheyieldrateadversely.Toanalyzetheeffectofdisease,citrusplants(oranges)inMaharashtrastate(India)isconsideredwhichisamongtheleadingstateincultivatingmuchvarietyofthecitrus.Butlargenumberofdiseasesduetofungiandviruseshasbeenobservedoncitrus.Therootrot,collarrot,fruit(brown)rotandgummosiscausedbyphytophthoraspp.aremostimportant.Duringmonsoonmonthsitisseenthatthegerminationrateofthediseaseisquitehigh[2].Differentenvironmentalconditionsthatareresponsibleforthegrowthofgummosisareasgivenbelow.•Temperature-28to32C•Soilmoisture-around65%for15days•Relativehumidity-80%StudyofGummosishasshownthatitgrowswhenaparticularenvironmentisappearedacrossthefield.Thisenvironmentdependsonparticularsetoftemperature,soilmoisture,andrelativehumidity.Thusthethreesensors,temperature,soilmoisture,relativehumidity,areusedinthesystem.Therealtimevaluesofthesesensorsaregiventomicrocontroller.NowthesevaluesaredisplayedonLiquidcrystaldisplay(LCD)aswellaswirelesslytransmitted.MicrocontrollerverifiestherealtimevalueswithreferencesetofconditionsofGummosisdisease.Ifitdetectsthecommencementofdiseasegerminationthenitoperatesthebuzzer.Paperisdividedintofivesections.Firstsectiongivestheintroductionofthesystem.Itprovidestheneedofthesystem,basictheme,etc.Nextsectioniscollectionofsomeofthepreviouslydevelopedsystem.Flowofdevelopmentofsystemisdiscussedinsectionthree.Descriptionofallthecomponentsandtheirrequirementismentioned.Sectionfourrepresentsthecomparisonbetweenmathematicalmodelandexperimental978-1-4799-2275-8/13/$31.00©2013IEEE2013AnnualIEEEIndiaConference(INDICON)modelofthesystem.Thelastsectiongivestheconclusionofthesystem.II.DIFFERENTMONITORINGSYSTEMINAGRICULTUREFieldofagriculturehasseentherapidadvancementintermsoftechnologyfrompastcoupleofdecades.Farmersstarttoutilizevariousmonitoringandcontrolledsysteminordertoincreasetheyield.Differentagriculturalparametersliketemperature,relativehumidity,soilmoisture,carbondioxide,lightdetection,soilpH,etc.aremonitoredaswellascontrolled.Hereitisreviewofsomeofthesemonitoringsystemswhichcanhelpthefarmerstoimprovetheyield.Hierarchicalwirelesssensornetworkwasinstalledtomeasureddifferentsoilparameters.Undergroundplacedsensorssendthedatatobasenodethroughvariousrelaynodes.Basenodeconsistsof8051microcontroller[3].Usingthesamemicrocontroller,apasswordprotectedwaterflowcontrolsystemwasdevelopedusingdualtonemultifrequency(DTMF)technique.DTMFtonesareusedforthecommunicationbetweenfarmerandmonitoringstation[4].Inoneofthesystems,Wi-Fimoduleisusedforwirelesscommunication.ThesystemusedAtmegacontroller.Itmainlyfocusesontransmittingdifferentenvironmentconditionstoselectedservervia.routers[5].Oneothersystemwithsamecontroller,monitoredtemperatureandwaterusage.TherealtimevaluesaretransmittedwirelesslytothesubstationusingZigBee.Substationperformsthecontrollingactiononmotorandirrigationvalveaccordingtopresetvalu