搜索
1994年全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷及答案Thefirstandsmallestunitthatcanbediscussedinrelationtolanguageistheword.Inspeaking,thechoiceofwordsis41theutmostimportance.Properselectionwilleliminateonesourceof42breakdowninthecommunicationcycle.Toooften,carelessuseofwords43ameetingofthemindsofthespeakerandlistener.Thewordsusedbythespeakermay44unfavorablereactionsinthelistener45interferewithhiscomprehension;hence,thetransmission-receptionsystembreaksdown.46,inaccurateorindefinitewordsmaymake47difficultforthelistenertounder-standthe48whichisbeingtransmittedtohim.Thespeakerwhodoesnothavespecificwordsinhisworkingvocabularymaybe49toexplainordescribeina50thatcanbeun-derstoodbyhislisteners.41.A.ofB.atC.forD.on42.A.inaccessibleB.timelyC.likelyD.invalid43.A.encouragesB.preventsC.destroysD.offers44.A.passoutB.takeawayC.backupD.stirup45.A.whoB.asC.whichD.what46.A.MoreoverB.HoweverC.PreliminarilyD.Unexpectedly47.A.thatB.ItC.soD.this48.A.speechB.senseC.messageD.meaning49.A.obscureB.difficultC.impossibleD.unable50.A.caseB.meansC.methodD.wayPartⅢReadingComprehensionPassageITheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Privatebusinessmen,strivingtomakeprofits,producethesegoodsandservicesincompetitionwithotherbusinessmen;andtheprofitmotive,operatingundercompetitivepressures,largelydetermineshowthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneoonomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividu-alstomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumerde-mandscanbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomy,thismecha-nismisprovidedbvapricesystem,aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemandsofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbyseller-producers.Iftheproductisinshortsupplyrelativetothedemand,thepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.If,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichintumwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmer-icaneconomicsystem.Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowedtoownproductiveresources(privatepropeny),andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor,gaincontrolovernaturalresources,andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmericaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.51.InLine11,Para1,thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomesmeans__.A.AmericansareneversatisfiedwiththeirincomesB.AmericanstendtooventatetheirincomesC.AmericanswanttohavetheirincomesincreasedD.Americanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpoweroftheirincomes52.Thefirsttwo&ntencesinthesecondparagraphtellusthat__.A.producerscansatisfytheoonsumersbymechanizedproductionB.consumerscanexpresstheirdemandsthroughproducersC.producersdecidethepricesofproductsD.supplyanddemandregulateprices53.Accordingtothepassage,aprivate-enterpriseeconomyischaracterizedby__.A.privatepropertyandrightsconcernedB.manpowerandnaturalresourcescontrolC.ownershipofproductiveresourcesD.freecontractsandprices54.Thepassageismainlyabout__.A.howAmericangoodsareproducedB.howAmericanconsumersbuytheirgoodsC.howAmericaneconomicsystemworksD.howAmericanbusinessmenmaketheirprofitsPassage2OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank-issuedcreditcard.Theygivetheirownersautomaticcreditinstores,restaurants,andhotels,athome,acrossthecoun-try,andevenabroad,andtheymakemanybankingservicesavailableaswell.Moreandmoreofthesecreditcardscanbereadautomatically,makingitpossibletowithdrawordepositmoneyinscatteredlocations,whetherornotthelocalbranchbankisopen.Formanyofusthecashlesssocietyisnotonthehorizon-it'salreadyhere.Whilecomputersoffertheseconveniencestoconsumers,theyhavemanyadvantagesforsell-erstoo.Electroniccashregisterscandomuchmorethansimplyringupsales.Theycankeepawiderangeofrecords,includingwhosoldwhat,when,andtowhom.Thisinformationallowsbusinessmentokeeptrackoftheirlistofgoodsbyshowingwhichitemsarebeingsoldandhowfasttheyaremoving.Decisionstoreorderorreturngoodstosupplierscanthenbemade.Atthesametimethesecomputersreoordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployeesarethemosteffi-cient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferredcustomersforpromotionalcanlpaigns.Computersarereliedonbvmanufacturersforsimilarreasons.Computer-analyzednlarketingreportscanhelptodecidewhichproductstoemphasizenow,whichtodevelopforthefuture,andwhichtodrop.Computerskeeptrackofgoodsinstock,ofrawmaterialsonhand,andevenoftheproductionprocessitself.Numerousothercommercialenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazinepu