1997-2011年英语专八翻译真题及答案

整理文档很辛苦,赏杯茶钱您下走!

免费阅读已结束,点击下载阅读编辑剩下 ...

阅读已结束,您可以下载文档离线阅读编辑

资源描述

1997年:EnglishtoChineseOperaisexpensive:thatmuchisinevitable.Butexpensivethingsareinevitablytheprovince(范围)oftherichunlessweabdicate(退位、放弃)society’spowerofchoice.Wecanchoosetomakeoperaandotherexpensiveformsofculture,accessible(易接近的,可达到的)tothosewhocannotindividuallypayforit.Thequestionis:whyshouldwe?Nobodydeniestheimperatives(必要的)offood,shelter,defence,healthandeducation.Buteveninaprehistoriccave,man-kindstretchedoutahandofnotjusttoeat,drinkorfight,butalsotodraw.Theimpulse(冲动)towardsculture,thedesiretoexpressandexploretheworldthroughimaginationandrepresentation(表述、陈述)isfundamental.InEurope,thisdesirehasfoundfulfillment(完成、成就)inthemasterpiecesofourmusic,art,literatureandtheatre.Thesemasterpiecesarethetouchstones(标准、试金石)forallourefforts;theyarethetouchstonesforthepossibilitiestowhichhumanthoughtandimaginationmayaspire(立志、追求目标、渴望);theycarrythemostprofound(深厚的、深刻的)messagesthatcanbesentfromonehumantoanother.欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈:你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。然而,享用昂贵的东西并不完全是富人的特权,除非我们放弃社会选择的权利。我们有权利使歌剧和其他昂贵的文化形式面向大众,面向那些个人没有支付能力的人。然而,问题是我们为什么要这么做。没有人会否认食物、居所、防护、健康与教育是不可或缺的。但是,即使在史前的穴居时代,人们伸出手来,也不仅仅是为了吃喝,为了搏杀,而且还有一个目的,那就是动手作画。人们对文化的冲动,即人们希望通过想象和再现来表现并探索这个世界的愿望,才是最根本的。在欧洲,人们通过音乐、美术、文学和戏剧等方面的不朽作品的创作,实现了这一愿望。这些杰作是衡量人类努力程度的试金石,是检验人类思维和想象潜能的标准,它们有着最深厚的寓意,并在人们彼此之间传播。1998年:IagreetosomeextentwithmyimaginaryEnglishreader.Americanliteraryhistoriansareperhapsprone(倾向于)toviewtheirownnationalscenetoonarrowly,mistakingprominence卓越foruniqueness.Theydoover-phrasetheirownliterature,orcertainlyitsminorfigures.AndAmericansdoswing悬挂fromaggressiveoverphraseoftheirliteraturetoanequallyunfortunate,imitativedeference顺从.Butthen,theEnglishthemselvesaresomewhatinsular孤立的intheirliteraryappraisals估价.Moreover,infieldswheretheyarenotpre-eminent—e.g.inpaintingandmusic—theytooalternatebetweenboasting自夸ofnativeproductsandcopyingthoseoftheContinent.HowmanyEnglishpaintingstrytolookasthoughtheyweredoneinParis;howmanytimeshavewereadinarticlesthattheyreallyrepresentan“Englishtradition”afterall.TospeakofAmericanliterature,then,isnottoassert(断言、声称)thatitiscompletelyunlikethatofEurope.Broadlyspeaking,AmericaandEuropehavekeptstep(同步).Atanygivenmoment(在任何时候)thetravelercouldfindexamplesinbothofthesamearchitecture,thesamestylesindress,thesamebooksontheshelves.IdeashavecrossedtheAtlanticasfreelyasmenandmerchandise,thoughsometimesmoreslowly.WhenIrefertoAmericanhabit,thoughts,etc.,Iintendsomesortofqualification(限制、限定、资格)toprecede(领先、超前)theword,forfrequentlythedifferencebetweenAmericaandEurope(especiallyEngland)willbeoneofdegree(唯一只是在程度上),sometimesonlyofasmalldegree.Theamountofdivergence(分歧、差异)isasubtle(微妙的)affair,liable(有可能的)toperplex使困惑theEnglishmanwhenhelooksatAmerica.Heislookingatacountrywhichinimportantsenses(重要的感觉)grewoutofhisown,whichinseveralwaysstillresembleshisown—andwhichisyetaforeigncountry.Thereareoddoverlappingsandabruptunfamiliarities;kinship(亲缘关系)yieldstoasuddenalienation(疏远关系),aswhenwehail(打招呼)apersonacrossthestreet,onlytodiscoverfromhisblank(没有表情的)responsethatwehavemistakenastrangerforafriend.因此,我们在说“美国”文学,并不表明我们认为美国文学与欧洲文学截然不同。一般来说,美国和欧洲一直在同步发展。无论何时,旅游者在两地都能看到同一式的建筑,见到同一款式的服饰,读到摆在书架上的同一风格的书籍。在大洋两岸,人们的思想观念,就容易同人员与货物一样,可以自由交流,尽管有时会略显迟缓。谈到美国人的习惯、美国人的思维等概念时,我想在“美国式的”这几个词前面再加上某种修饰,因为欧美之间(尤其是英美之间)的差异往往只是程度上的差异而已,而且在有的时候,是极低程度上的差异而已。差异的程度微乎其微,很可能会使审视美国的英国人感到迷惑不解。重要的是,英国人所审视的这个国家诞生于英国,并在不少方面仍与英国相差无几---然而,实实在在是个异邦。两地有着莫名的共同之处,以及令人深感突兀的陌生感。原先的亲戚已形同陌路,就仿佛隔着马路招呼,等看到对方一脸茫然时,我们才意识到认错人。1999年:Insomesocietiespeoplewantchildrenforwhatmightbecalledfamilial家族的reasons:toextendthefamilylineorthefamilyname,topropitiate抚慰theancestors;toenabletheproperfunctioningofreligiousritualsinvolvingthefamily.Suchreasonsmayseemthininthemodern,secularized世俗的societybuttheyhavebeenandarepowerfulindeedinotherplaces.Inaddition,oneclass(一类)offamilyreasonssharesaborder(接壤、相近)withthefollowingcategory,namely,havingchildreninordertomaintainorimproveamarriage:toholdthehusbandoroccupy(使…忙(有事干)thewife;torepairorrejuvenate(使复原)themarriage;toincreasethenumberofchildrenontheassumption(设想、假设consumption消费)thatfamilyhappinessliesthatway.Thepointisunderlined(突出、显现)byitsconverse(反面、相反):insomesocietiesthefailuretobearchildren(养孩子)(ormales)isathreattothemarriageandareadycausefordivorce.Beyondallthat(除了这些)istheprofound(深刻的、深远的)significanceofchildrentotheveryinstitution(结构)ofthefamilyitself.Tomanypeople,husbandandwifealonedonotseemaproperfamily(完整的)—theyneedchildrentoenrichthecircle(丰富家庭生活、拓宽生活圈子),tovalidate(使…有效)itsfamilycharacter(家族的特征、风格),togather(增加、集合)theredemptive(赎回的,用于补偿的)influenceofoffspring.Childrenneedthefamily,butthefamilyseemsalsotoneedchildren,asthesocialinstitution(社会结构)uniquely(唯一)available,atleastinprinciple,for(获得)security,comfort,assurance,anddirectioninachanging,oftenhostileworld.Tomostpeople,suchahomebase,intheliteralsense,needsmorethanonepersonforsustenance(生计)andingenerationalextension(家族的繁衍).【参考答案】另外,有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共同之处,那就是:生儿育女要么是为了维系现有婚姻,提高婚姻质量,要么是为了拴住丈夫,使妻子有所事事,要么是为了修复婚姻,给婚姻注入新的活力,亦或是出于多子多福的观念而多生儿女。当然,我们也可以从问题的反面得到昭示:在某些社会,无法生育子嗣(或不能生育男孩)对婚姻而言是最大的威胁,也可作为夫妻分手的现成理由。后代对家庭这一体制本身所具有的深远意义远非如此。在许多人看来,丁克家庭算不上真正的家庭。夫妻

1 / 15
下载文档,编辑使用

©2015-2020 m.777doc.com 三七文档.

备案号:鲁ICP备2024069028号-1 客服联系 QQ:2149211541

×
保存成功