2003年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题(阅读部分)

DAY22003年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题（阅读部分）SectionIIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANAWERSHEET1（40points）Text1WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarIIandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe“greatgame”ofespionage—spyingasadecades.Inthepastthreeorfouryears,theworldwidewebhasgivenbirthtointelligence”,andastheNetgrows,itisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,byalargemargin,wasatinyVirginiacompanycalled，whoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld.AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthenewworldisStraitford,makesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying（coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia）Manyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineat“AssoonasomStraitfordearnsitskeep.FriedmanreliesonaleanstaffinAustin.SeveralofhisstaffmembersWashingtonbackandforthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.41.TheemergenceoftheNethasA.receivedsupportfromfanslikeDonovan.B.remoldedtheintelligenceservices.C.restoredmanycommonpastimes.D.revivedspyingasaprofession.A.introducethetopicofonlinespying.B.showhowhefoughtfortheU.S.C.giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar.D.honorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA.43.Thephrase“makingthebiggestsplash”（line1,paragraph3）mostprobablymeansA.causingthebiggesttrouble.B.exertingthegreatesteffort.C.achievingthegreatestsuccess.D.enjoyingthewidestpopularity.44.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph4thatB.Straitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsinformation.D.Straitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliableinformation.45.StraitfordismostproudofitsA.officialstatus.B.nonconformistimage.C.efficientstaff.D.militarybackground.Text2sneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.”Onesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,“ThenIwouldhavetosayyes.”Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,sheScientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinamolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalon,thatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould“adopt”middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothingthereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.4A.callonscientiststotakesomeactions.B.criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrights.C.warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearch.D.showthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement.47.MisledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchisA.cruelbutnatural.B.inhumanandunacceptable.C.inevitablebutvicious.D.pointlessandwasteful.48.TheexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepubliA.discontentwithanimalresearch.B.ignoranceaboutmedicalscience.C.indifferencetoepidemics.D.anxietyaboutanimalrights.49.Theauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshouldA.communicatemorewiththepublic.research.C.feelnoshamefortheircause.D.strivetodevelopnewcures.50.FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperisB.amedicalpractitioner.C.anenthusiastinanimalrights.D.asupporterofanimalresearch.Text3Inrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosupersystems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995,thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotaljustfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers.Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.A