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阅读与写作(10)句子间的衔接过渡英语语言类英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言，也是许多国家官方语言，英语受到了全世界人们的关注和使用，关于英语语言类的文章在学生阅读中会经常碰到。美文赏析TheEnglishlanguageisaresultoftheinvasions①oftheislandofBritainovermanyhundredsofyears.TheinvaderslivedalongthenortherncoastofEurope.ThefirstinvasionswerebyapeoplecalledAnglesabout1,500yearsago.TheAngleswereaGermantribewhocrossedtheEnglishChannel.LatertwomoregroupscrossedtoBritain.TheyweretheSaxonsandtheJutes.ThesegroupsfoundapeoplecalledtheCelts，whohadlivedinBritainformanythousandsofyears.TheCeltsandtheinvadersfought.After_a_while，mostoftheCeltswerekilled，ormadeslaves.SomeescapedtoliveintheareathatbecameWales.Throughtheyears，theSaxons，AnglesandJutesmixedtheirdifferentlanguages.TheresultiswhatiscalledAngloSaxonorOldEnglish.OldEnglishisextremely②difficulttounderstand.Thenextgreatinvasioncamefromthefarnorthbeginningabout1,100yearsago.FiercepeoplecalledVikingscamefromDenmark，Norwayandothernortherncountries.ManyEnglishwordsusedtodaycomefromtheseancientVikings.Wordslike“sky”，“leg”，“egg”，“lift”and“take”arefromtheoldlanguagesofthefarnortherncountries.ThenextinvasionofBritaintookplacemorethan900yearsago，in1066.HistoryexpertscallthisinvasiontheNormanConquest.TheNormanswereaFrenchspeakingpeoplefromNormandyinthenorthofFrance.TheybecamethenewrulersofBritain.ThesenewrulersspokeonlyFrenchforseveralhundredyears.Itwasthemostimportantlanguageintheworldatthattime.Itwasthelanguageofeducatedpeople.ButthecommonpeopleofBritainstillspokeOldEnglish.OldEnglishtookmanywordsfromtheNormanFrench.Someoftheseinclude“damage”，“prison”and“marriage”．TheFrenchlanguageusedbytheNormanrulersgreatlychangedthewayEnglishwasspoken800yearsago.EnglishbecamewhatlanguageexpertscallMiddleEnglish.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了英语语言与侵略的关系。不同的侵略者对英语语言有不同的影响。一、阅读与积累1．攻克疑难词汇①invasionn．入侵②extremelyadv.极其地2．攻克疑难句TheFrenchlanguageusedbytheNormanrulersgreatlychangedthewayEnglishwasspokenby800yearsago.结构分析本句是主从复合句。used...为过去分词短语作定语；Englishwasspoken800yearsago为省略了inwhich或that的定语从句，修饰先行词theway。尝试翻译诺曼统治者所用的法语极大地改变了八百年前(人们)说英语的方式。二、理解与书面表达1．理解文章主旨Thepassagemainlytellsusthe_relations_between_English_and_invasions.2．理解与书面表达文章画线的later，afterawhile都属于写作当中的________词。答案过渡3．精通句式：句子间的衔接过渡(1)说明：衔接过渡是高考书面表达评分标准中对行文方面的要求，要求行文连贯，表达清楚。衔接过渡性词语在句与句之间、段与段之间承上启下，使文章前后连贯、结构紧凑、过渡自然，从而提升表达的层次。(2)分类：衔接过渡可使用过渡性词语和过渡性句子：A：过渡性词语：besides，inaddition，moreover，what'smore，what'sworse等。②表转折对比的过渡词but，however，yet，instead，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary，despite，inspiteof，whereas，nevertheless等。③表结果的过渡词so，thus，therefore，asaresult，sothat等。④表换一种方式表达的过渡词inotherwords，thatistosay，toputitanotherway等。⑤表达普遍规律generallyspeaking，ingeneral，allinall等。⑥表总结的过渡词inaword，ingeneral，inshort，tosumup，finally，inconclusion，insummary等。⑦表特定的顺序关系的过渡词first，firstly，second，secondly，third，thirdly，aboveall，firstofall，then，next，finally，intheend，atlast，eventually等。B：过渡性句子段与段之间除了借助于一些篇章层次上的连接性词语，如however，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary，similarly，therefore，inconclusion，inshort等以外，还经常需要使用一些表示过渡的句子来确保其连贯性。常见的过渡性句子类型有：①设问引出下文为了引出下文所要表达的内容，作者有时采用设问的方式。②总体陈述不同观点有时作者在前一个段落列举各种现象或者引出某个要供大家讨论的话题，接下来就要从整体上论述人们对此持有的不同看法，然后再具体论述各种观点，如Differentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutit.等。③举实例佐证有时为了增强某个观点或者现象的说服力，我们可以使用实例加以佐证。可以使用take...forexample/instance，suchas，asfollows等来引出下文。(3)请用恰当的过渡词合并句子①Wemustwork.Wemustbelieveinourselves.______________________________________________②Iwasanxioustoleave.IfeltthatIwasn'tabletotellmygrandparentsthatweweresafe.______________________________________________③Janeiscareful.Hersisteriscareless.______________________________________________④Hehadfailedmanytimes.Hewasconfidentthathewouldsucceedintheend.______________________________________________答案①Wemustworkandaboveallwemustbelieveinourselves.②Ononehand，Iwasanxioustoleave；ontheotherhand，IfeltthatIwasn'tabletotellmygrandparentsthatweweresafe.③Janeiscareful；onthecontrary，hersisteriscareless.④Thoughhehadfailedmanytimes，hewasconfidentthathewouldsucceedintheend.⑤Hehelpedmeintime，asaresultIpassedtheexam.(4)阅读下列短文，选择适当的过渡词或短语填空second；asaresult；despite；on(the)onehand；what'sworse；inaword；ontheotherhandAsanewwayofshopping，onlineshoppingisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinourdailylife.__________________，onlineshoppinghasmanyadvantages.First，onlineshoppingmakesiteasierforustobuythings.Insteadofsearchingacrowdedstore，wejustneedtowatchthecomputerscreenandchoosethethingswelike.________，itismuchfasterforustodoshopping.Wedon'thavetospendalotoftimegoingtoshops.Third，wecanseealotofgoodsshownonthecomputerscreenatthesametime.__________________，onlineshoppingalsohasmanydisadvantages.Thepicturesofgoodsshownonthecomputerscreenarenotalwayswhattheyare.__________，wecanbecheatedeasily.__________，wecannotseethethingsindetail.____________，________thedisadvantagesofonlineshopping，Ithinkitisanadvancedwaytodoshopping.Soweshoulddevelopit.答案On(the)onehand；Second；Ontheotherhand；asaresult；What'sworse；Inaword；despite