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第十章元音字母在非重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词编号a[]Chinaanotherwomanbreakfast2-01[]orangecomradevillagecabbage2-02e[]hundredstudentopenmoment2-03[]]chickenpocketbeginchildren2-04i[]/[]]holidaybeautifulfamilyanimal2-05[a]]exercisesatellite2-06o[]secondtonightsomebodywelcome2-07[u]alsozerophoto2-08u[]autumndifficult2-09[ju(:)]popularcongratulationJanuary2-10动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[e]音，例如：operate2-11u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母jlrs后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：JulyinfluenceFebruaryissue2-12绝对弱化现象（元字组及辅字组都可出现绝对弱化现象，如辅音中的爆破音失去爆破）carnation[k:nen]，未弱化的读音为[k:nein]physiognomy字母g的发音被绝对弱化了。在非重读音节中的元音字母常有省略发音的现象（绝对弱化现象）vegetable[vedtbl]→[vedtbl]蔬菜factory[fktri]→[fktri]工厂literature[ltrt]→[ltrt]文学university[ju:nv:sti]→[ju:nv:sti]大学temperature[temprt]→[temprt]温度environment[nvarnmnt]→[nvarnmnt]环境interest[ntrst]→[ntrst]兴趣（前面一个字母e的读音被省略）every[evri]每个（后面一个字母e的读音被省略）chocolate[tklt]巧克力（后面一个字母o的读音被省略）innocent[nsnt]无罪的present[preznt]出席lavatory[lvtr]厕所opera[pr]歌剧natural[ntrl]元字组在非重读音节中的非弱化现象元字组在非重读音节中会出现非弱化现象，即在非重读音节中仍按重读音节规则发音。也可以将这种非弱化音节理解为次重读音节。次重读音节出现在主重读音节之后，通常会省略次重音符号。例如：exerciserobotdialoguesatisfyradiocrocodilepianophotodonateapricotathleticcontextetiquetteprogrammealcohol元音字组也有这种情况alloyn.合金cuckooconvoycocoaastronautsatire讽刺作品hemisphere半球Comparethepronunciationofatinthefollowingtwosentences:Igotupat/t/sixo'clock.Whatareyoulookingat/t/?Inthefirstsentence,atisnotstressed(prepositions,conjunctions,articles,pronounsandauxiliaryverbsarenotusualllystressed).Inthesecondexample,atisattheendofthesentence,inamoreimportantposition,andsohasthestressedpronunciation/t/.Therearearoundfiftywordslikeat,whichhavetwopronunciations:a‘strongform',inwhichthevowelisgenerallypronouncedasitiswritten,anda‘weakform',inwhichthevowelispronouncedwith//or//.Theweakformismuchmorecommonthantheother;thestrongformisonlyusedifthewordisspeciallystressedforsomereason.Compare:Iwaslate./wz/Itwasraining./wz/Yes,Iwas./wz/Imustgonow./ms(t)/Ireallymuststopsmoking./mst/Wherehaveyoubeen?/v/Youshouldhavetoldme./v/Weusuallyhavedinnerateight./hv/(Haveisthemainverbinthissentence.)Notethatthecontractednegativealwayshasastrongpronunciation.can't/k:nt/(US:/knt/)mustn't/msnt/wasn't/msnt/Themostimportantwordswhichhavestrongandweakformsare:strongformweakforma/e///am/m//m/an/n//n/and/nd//nd,n/are/:(r)//(r)/as/z//z/at/t//t/be/bi://b/been/bi:n//bn/but/bt//bt/can/kn//kn/could/kd//kd/do/du://d/does/dz//dz/for/f:(r)//f(r)/from/frm//frm/had/hd//hd,d/has/hz//hz,z/have/hv//hv,v/he/hi://h,/her/h://h(r),(r)/him/hm//m/his/hz//z/is/z//z,s/must/mst//mst,ms/not/nt//nt/of/v//v/our/a(r)//:(r)/Saint/sent//snt/(GBonly)shall/l//l/she/i:///should/d//d/sir/s:(r)//s(r)/some/sm//sm/than/n//n/that(conj)/t//t/the/i://,/them/em//m/there(see599)/e(r)//(r)/to/tu://t/us/s//s/was/wz//wz/we/wi://w/were/w:(r)//w(r)/who/hu://h/would/wd//wd,d/will/wl//l,l/you/ju://j/your/j:(r)//j(r)/②单个元音字母在非重读音节中的非弱化现象。元音字母在非重读音节中会出现非弱化现象，即在非重读音节中仍按重读音节规则发音。例如：元音字组在非重读音节中也有非弱化现象。例如：carnation[k:nen]元音字母在非重读音节中的非弱化读音，也可以理解为次重读音节，次重读音节出现在重读音节前时，通常要标出次重读符号；如果次重读音节出现在重读音节之后，可以省略次重读符号。更多的非弱化现象:aspect方面climax高潮comment评论complex复杂的matador[mtd:]斗牛士migrate[maret]迁徒robot机器人syntax句法alcohol酒精练习10-01朗读下列单词，判断非重读音节中元音字母的发音答案slogantargethundredchickenelementcottagehorridratifylibrarycongratulationorangemilitaryhybridtoiletchildrenhistoryholidaymagpieforumstereo