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109下儿科学练习题一、A1型选择题只能选择其中最佳的一项答案。1.下列哪一项不符合新生儿肺透明膜病的肺部X线表现？A.两肺野透亮度普遍降低B.均匀散在的细颗粒和网状阴影C.支气管充气征D.部分肺泡代偿性气肿E.严重病例呈“白肺”2.婴幼儿类风湿病一般不出现下列哪项表现？A.长期间歇发热B.心肌炎及心包炎C.对称性多关节炎D.肝、脾及淋巴结肿大E.一过性多形性皮疹3.下列哪项不宜作为哮喘的预防措施？A.免疫治疗B.色甘酸钠C.酮替芬D.激素吸入疗法6月～2年E.支气管扩张剂4.肥达反应假阴性的原因，以下哪一项是错误的?A.早期应用抗生素B.重度营养不良C.伤寒杆菌的变异D.免疫缺陷者E.合并重症肺炎5.婴儿腹泻，等渗脱水，第一天补液时应选用哪一种含钠液最恰当？A.1/2张液B.1/3张液C.2/3张液D.等张液E.1/5张液6.苯丙酮尿症的新生儿筛查采用的方法为：A.尿三氯化铁试验B.2,4-二硝基苯肼试验C.Guthrie细菌生长抑制试验D.血浆游离氨基酸分析E.尿液有机酸分析27.生理性体重下降的范围一般为原出生体重的Ａ.9～12%Ｂ．5～10％Ｃ．3～9％Ｄ．3～5％Ｅ．4～6％8.小儿3岁,心前区隆起,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间闻及Ⅲ～Ⅳ级全收缩期杂音,心尖区有较短舒张期隆隆样杂音,肺动瓣区第2音亢进。X线示左、右心室大。诊断可能是：A.小型室间隔缺损B.大型室间隔缺损C.风湿性心脏病D.房间隔缺损E.动脉导管未闭9.患儿男,8个月,平日多汗,易惊,两日来间断抽搐就诊,发作时意识丧失,两眼上翻,手足紧握抽动,可自行缓解入睡,醒后精神可,最适宜的处理是A.补钙→止惊→补vit.DB.止惊→补钙→补vit.DC.补vitD→补钙→止惊D.止惊→补vitD→补钙E.补钙→补vitD→止惊10.苯丙酮尿症最突出的特点是A.毛发棕黄B.尿有“霉臭”气味C.智力低下D.皮肤白嫩E.锥体束受损征11.儿童单纯性肾病综合征最常见的病理类型是：A.微小病变B.局灶节段性肾小球硬化C.系膜增生性肾炎D.膜性肾病E.膜增生性肾炎12.Whatisthemostimportantclinicalfeatureofnephriticsyndrome?A.ProteinuriaB.EdemaC.HypertensionD.HypoalbuminemiaE.Hypercholesteolemia313.Therangeofserumnatriumconcentrationinisonatremicdehydrationshouldbe：A.120~140mmol/LB.130~160mmol/LC.140~160mmol/LD.140~150mmol/LE.130~150mmol/L14.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementisn’tthegeneralregularityofgrowthdevelopmentinchildren?A.fromtheupperparttothelowerpartB.fromthedistalparttotheproximalpartC.fromthegrossmotiontofinemotionD.fromlowerleveltohigherlevelE.fromsimpletocomplicated15.Apre-termbabyofonemonthandtwodaysold,gestationalage35weeks,borninwinter,breastfeeding,weightisincreasingfrom2.0kgto3.0kg.Nowwhichsupplementaryfoodisaddedtoatfirstandwhy?A.rice-water,forsupplementationofenergyB.vegetablesoup,forsupplementationofmineralsubstancesC.rice-paste,forsupplementationofenergyD.codliveroil,forsupplementationofVitAE.codliveroil,forsupplementationofVitD16.Whichismaindifferencebetweendehydrationofseveredegreeandmoderatedegree?A.poorskinresiliencyB.orbitpittingC.oliguriaoranuriaD.metabolicacidosisE.peripheralcirculatoryfailure17.Whattimeisbetterforweaninginbreastfeedingbaby?A.4-5monthsofageB.6-9monthsofageC.10-12monthsofageD.13-15monthsofageE.18monthsofage18.TheratioofCalciumandPhosphorusinbreastmilkis：A.1:2B.1.5:1C.2:1D.1.2:1E.1.5:219.Duringfetallife,theearliestsynthesizedimmunoglobinis：A.IgMB.IgDC.IgGD.IgAE.IgE20.Verylowbirthweightinfantisthenewbornwhosebirthweightislessthan：A.2500gB.2000g4C.1500gD.1000gE.800g21.ThemajormanifestationofTuberculousmeningitisinchildrenis：A.AtenseanteriorfontanealB.ConvulsionC.StuporD.CranialnervepalsiesE.Moodchanges22.DTP(Diphtheria,tetanus,pertussisvaccine),Primaryimmunizationshouldbetaken：A.JustonetimeB.Onceamonth,twotimesC.Onceamonth,threetimesD.Onceaweek,twotimesE.Onceaweek,threetimes23.Ahealthyboy,oneyearandsixmonthsold,howmuchcalorieandwatershouldherequireeveryday?calorie(kj)/kgwater(ml)/kgA.418(100kcal)100B.460(110kcal)100C.418(100kcal)110D.418(100kcal)125E.925(220kcal)15024.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementisn’ttheclinicalfindingoffebrileconvulsion：A.withafamilyhistoryofseizuresB.oftenoccurinneonatalperiodC.associatedwitharapidlyrisingtemperatureD.lessthan10to15minutesepisodeE.typicalgeneralizedseizures25.Whichoneisthecyanotictypeofcongenitalheartdisease：A.ventricularseptaldefectB.atrialseptaldefectC.tetralogyofFallotD.PatentductusarteriosusE.pulmonarystenosis26.Themajormanifestationsofacuteglomerulonephritisare：A.hypertension,hematuria,proteinuriaB.proteinuria,hypertensionC.edema,hypertension,hematuriaD.oliguria,edema,hypertension,hematuriaE.oliguria,edema,hematuria,hypercholesteolemia527.Ifastaphylococcalpneumoniapatientsuddenlybreathdifficultly,weshouldconsiderthatisbecause：A.highfeverB.acidosisC.pneumoniadevelopedD.pyopneumothoraxE.heartfailure28.Hyalinemembranedisease(HMD)isadiseaseofprematurity.AntenataltreatmentofthemotherwithsteroidscandecreasetheseverityandmorbidityofHMD.Steroidsarethoughttostimulatethedevelopmentof：A.AlveoliB.amoreadequatepulmonarycapillarybedC.extracellularantioxidantsystemD.pulmonarysurfactantE.intracellularantioxidantsystem29.Themostimportantinfluencingfactorofgrowthafter2yearsofageis：A.SexB.RaceC.EndocrineD.NutritionE.Exercise30.Themostcommonlypathogenofsepsisinchildrenis：A.PneumococcusB.EscherichiaColiC.StreptococcusD.PseudomonasAerugenosaE.StaphylococcusAureus31.PPDtestisareliablediagnostictestfortuberculosis,aninfectedpatientrespoundspositivelyofinfectionA.immediatelyB.within1-2weekC.within2-4weekD.within4-10weekE.after10week32.营养不良最常见的病因是A．喂养不当B．先天不足C．活动增加D．免疫缺陷E．缺少锻炼33.营养不良的并发症，不包括A．营养性缺铁性贫血B．感染性疾病C．维生素缺乏症D．重度佝偻病E．自发性低血糖34.新生儿败血症主要感染途径A．宫内B．产道C.泌尿道D．消化道E．脐部35.新生儿败血症早期最主要的特点是A．高热、拒乳B．血白细胞总数增高C.皮肤有感染灶D．肝脾肿大E．缺乏特异症状636、脱水时补液的速度取决于A.液体张力B.液体的种类C.脱水程度和大便量D.大便性质E.尿少者速度应慢37、肺炎的心力衰竭常以什么衰竭为主A、右心衰竭B、左心衰竭C、全心衰竭D、末梢循环衰竭E、以上都不是38、金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎患儿，突然出现呼吸急促，应优先考虑下列哪项情况？A、高热B、酸中毒C、心力衰竭D、脓气胸E、肺炎加重39、腺病毒肺炎的肺部罗音特点A、出现早、罗音多B、出现早、罗音少C、出现晚、清楚D、出现晚、消失快E、以上都不对40.法乐四联症患儿喜蹲踞，是因为A.使心脑供血增加B缓解漏斗部痉挛C.使腔静脉回心血量增加D增加体循环阻力、减少右向左分流及回心血量E.使劳累、气急缓解41.急性肾炎补体恢复时间为A.6-8周B.8-12周C.6月D.1年E.2-3周42.营养性缺铁性贫血铁剂治疗后先出现的反应是A．红细胞总数升高B．血清铁增加C．血清铁饱和度升高D．网织红细胞增高E．红细胞平均容积恢复正常43.下列哪项符合营养性缺铁性贫血A．红细胞下降显著于血红蛋白下