TEM8 Mini-lecture 概讲

TEM8Mini-lecture2•1.考试介绍–选材特点：自2004新大纲后以“英语专业知识和通识课程”为选题内容2005WritingaResearchPaper(科研)2006MeaninginLiterature（文学）2007WhatCanWeLearnfromArt?（艺术）2008ThePopularityofEnglish（语言）2009WritingExperimentalReports（科研）2010ParalinguisticFeaturesoflanguage(语言)2011ClassificationsofCulture(文化)2012ObservingBehavior(科研)3•1.考试介绍–文体特点：•讲座文体正式（但话语标记有时正式有时非正式），语言规范，逻辑严密，脉络清晰；•含有专业名词或术语（e.g.paralinguistcfeature,sampling,etc.）；4•2.题型分析–2.1关键信息题型*•一级要点：讲座提纲的主要节点/大标题•二级要点：讲座提纲的次要节点/小标题–2.2推理判断题型**•根据听到的内容和记录的笔记推理而出，一般会有多种正确答案–2.3概括总结题型***•在理解讲座原话的基础上进行概括、总结，有一定难度II.SecondcategoryA.facialexpresions1._______--smiling:signalofpleasure2.lesscommonexpressions--eyebrowraising:surpriseorinterest--lipbiting:_________20105•3.应试技巧–3.1准备：熟悉讲座的结构和标记话语–3.2听前：轻装上阵–3.3听中：找中心、抓要点、理脉络、顾整体、不遗漏–3.4听后：依据笔记填空、注意词性和大小写–3.5功夫：速记——好记性不如烂笔头6•3.1准备–(1)熟悉一般学术讲座的结构•Opening开场白•Thesis主题•Connection承接•Body正文•Summary总结•Closing收尾7–讲座的结构实例分析——2008(1)•Opening开场白：–“Goodmorning,everyone.”•Thesis主题：–“Today‘slectureisabout....”•Connection承接：–“Although...,...whatis...?Thetermrefersto…”–“Then,actuallyhowmanypeople…”8–讲座的结构实例分析——2008(2)•Body正文–“Then,wemayaskaquestion…”–“Firstisthehistoricalreason…”–“Now,thesecondmajorfactor…”–“Andthethirdfactorrelatedto...is…”–“Anotherfactorhassomethingtodowith…”–“ThelastfactorIcitehereconcerns…”9–讲座的结构实例分析——2008(3)•Summary总结–“Now,tosumup,intoday’slecture,wehavereviewedsomeofthereasons…”•Closing收尾–“OK,thisbringsustotheendoftoday’slecture.Thankyouforyourattention.”10•3.1准备–(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记•Introducing介绍/导入•Givingbackgroundinformation交代背景•Defining定义•Listing列举•Givingexamples举例•Emphasizing强调•Clarifying/Explaining解释•Movingon/Changingdirection承接/转接•Givingfurtherinformation递进•Givingcontrastinginformation转折•Classifying分类•Concluding总结11–(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记–Introducing介绍/导入•WhatIintendtosayis•WhatI’dliketodoistodiscuss•WhatIintendtodoistoexplain•Inmytalktoday,/Mytopictodayis•Today,I’mgoingtotalkabout•I’mgoingtotalktoyouabout•Inthistalk,Iwouldliketoconcentrateon•Thesubjectofthistalkis12–(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记–Givingbackgroundinformation交代背景•Asweknow•Aswehavealreadyseen•Aswehaveallread•It’sclearthat•Itgoeswithoutsaying•Weallunderstand•Itisunderstood•You’llremember13–(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记–Defining定义XisiscalledisknownasmaybedefinedasisatypeofYthat/which14–(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记–Listing列举FirstlySecondlyNextThenThirdlyLastlyFinallyFirstofallInthefirstplaceForonethingTobeginwithInthesecondplaceForanotherthingThefirst/second/next/lastpointI’dliketomakeis15–(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记–Givingexamples举例•Forexample,•Forinstance,•Youonlyhavetothinkof•Remember,•Say,•Takesomethingforexample,16–(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记–Emphasizing强调•Iwanttostress•I’dliketoputemphasison•It’simportanttorememberthat•Weshouldbearinmindthat•Don’tforgetthat•Theessentialpointis17–(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记–Clarifying/Explaining解释•Inotherwords,•Thatistosay,•Toputitanotherway,•BywhichImean•Oryoucouldsay•ThepointI’mmakingis•Thatistosay,•Thatis,Namely,i.e.•Thatmeans18–(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记–Movingon/Changingdirection承接/转接•That’sallIwanttosayaboutX.•OK/Now/Allright•Havinglookedat…,I’dnowliketoconsider•I’dlikenowtomoveonto•Turningnowto•Solet’sturnto•Movingonnowto19–(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记–Givingfurtherinformation递进•Furthermore,•Anotherpoint•Afurtherpoint•Inaddition/Moreover/Similarly•Apartfrom,•Notonly…,but•Wecanadd/Icouldaddthat•Further/Aswellas/Besides20–(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记–Givingcontrastinginformation转折•Although•However•Ontheotherhand•Whereas•Despite•Nevertheless•But•Alternatively21–(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记–Classifying分类ThereareNtypeskindsclassescategoriessortsvarietiesofX22–(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记–Concluding总结•Thatcompletesmylecture.•We’veseenthat•Firstwelookedat…andwesawthat•Thenweconsidered...andIarguedthat•Inshort,•Tosumup•Inconclusion,I’dliketoemphasizethat23•3.2听前–保持轻松、愉快、平静的心情；–准时到考场，调试好听力设备，备足电池；–提示音开始后，稍有紧张时可靠呼吸来调节，并做好记笔记的物质准备24•3.3听中–找中心：讲座开头会交代主题（lead-in）–抓要点：对每段中心句进行归纳(topicsentences)–理脉络：对结构要点信息进行梳理，注意语音语调–顾整体：不纠缠细节–不遗漏：记笔记时要全面,不潦草25•3.4听后–录音播放完毕后，应该尽快（十分钟其实很快过去）根据笔记现将有把握的空填上；后对不是十分确定的空结合提纲联系上下文和笔记全局考虑–注意词性转换–注意单词大小写–注意书写工整，不要违规涂改26•PS:平时的学习建议–深：多听有深度的材料•积累单词，巩固和推展专业知识–勤：勤做听写和速记练习•将速记和缩略符号熟练运用，听力水平的提高有赖平时的刻苦训练–广：注意对人文学科知识的广泛涉猎•扩大阅读面，拓展视野•科，文化，语言文字27–somewebsites：––•2.1关键信息题型–一级要点：讲座提纲的主要节点/大标题–要点排列有序，此类题目一般笔记不遗漏要点就能准确回答II.ReasonsforthepopularuseofEnglish1)______2)XXXXXreasons;3)___......;4)xxxxxxxexchange;5)xxxxxx;200830•2.1关键信息题型–二级要点：讲座提纲的次要节点/小标题–二级要点在一级要点之下，一般是列举、阐述、解释、分类等细节信息；题目很直观，解题有赖于认真仔细的记录和准确记忆II.SecondcategoryA.facialexpresions1._______--smiling:signalofpleasure2.lesscommonexpressions--eyebrowraising:surpriseorinterest--lipbiting:_________201031•2.2推理判断题型–根据听到的内容和记录的笔记推理而出，听到的答案一般不能直接照搬–通过分析推理，可以概括出三种答案：India,colonies,Britishcolonies.II.ReasonsforthepopularuseofEnglish1)(3)—thePilgrimFathersbroughtthelanguagetoAmerica;—BritishsettlersbroughtthelanguagetoAustralia;—Englishwasusedasameansofcontrolin(4)200832–2008原文线索（续前页）–“Forexample,itbecamealinguafrancainIndia,whereavarietyofindigenouslanguagesmadetheuseofanyoneofthemasawhole-countrysystem/problematic.So,theimpositionofEnglishastheonelanguageofadministrationhelpedmai