主谓一致

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主谓一致语法一致原则主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采用复数形式。Jolinhasmadegreatsuccesswithsomanyyearsgoingon.Jolin是单数形式,谓语动词have也应当用单数形式hasTheJolinsareveryfondofsinging.theJolins指一家人,表示复数,谓语动词be也应当用复数形式are。意义一致原则意义一致原则是指从意义着眼来处理主谓一致问题。有时候主语在形式上是单数形式,但是其意义是负数,谓语动词根据意义而定,采用复数形式。Thesingerandartistisholdingaconcertcalled“landblue”.歌星和大艺术家是同一个人,是单数。Theoldareverywelltakencareofinourcity.theold指所有老年人,指一类人,是复数。就近原则就近原则是指谓语动词的变化以靠近谓语动词的主语部分而定。Linlinoryouaresupposedtogetintothehole.You是最靠近谓语动词的主语部分,因此be动词应当用复数形式的are。1.不定代词either,neither,each,one,theother,another以及复合不定代词someone,somebody等作主语,谓语动词用单数。Someonehasparkedthecaronthestreet.OneisfromtheUSAandtheothertwoarefromtheUK.代词做主语2.不定代词none作主语时如果指人或者可数的物,指数目,谓语动词单复数均可;如果指不可数名词,指量,谓语动词用单数。Noneofthestudentshave/hasmadethemistakesthistime.代词做主语3.all(单独作主语)指人时,谓语动词用复数,指物时,谓语动词用单数。Allarepresentatthemeeting.Allisgoingonverywell.代词做主语4.由each修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Each位于复数主语后或者句尾作同位语时,不影响谓语动词的单复数形式。Eachstudenthasawalkmanwhichhelpsthemimprovetheirlistening.Theyeachhavewonthefirstprize.=Theyhavewonthefirstprizeeach.代词做主语5.neitherof和eitherof加复数名词或者代词作主语,谓语动词用单复数均可。Eitherofthestoryis/areinteresting。Neitherofushas/havereceivedthepostcard.代词做主语6.such作主语时谓语动词的单复数形式应当根据其意义而定。SuchisStephenHawing,whohassufferedagreatdealbutachievedsomuch.Sucharethedifficultiesthatwearefacedwith.代词做主语7.疑问代词作主语时,谓语动词应当根据其实际意义来判断单复数。Whoisthegirloverthere?Whoarethegirlsoverthere?Whichisyourbook,thisoneorthatone?Whichareyourbooks,theseorthose?代词做主语8.关系代词作主语,其人称和数的变化随先行词而定。Thosewhohaveseenthefilmpleaseputupyourhands.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisourchairman.注意三种结构:oneof,theonlyof,nottheonlyof加名词或者代词结构中的定语从句的单复数。代词做主语1.集体名词作主语(1)people,cattle,police只有复数概念的集体名词,谓语动词用复数。(2)equipment,furniture,baggage,machinery,clothing,jewellery等表示某一类物品总称的集体名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。(因为这些词是不可数名词。)名词做主语(3)audience,army,class,company,enemy,family,group,public,government,population等集体名词作主语,若作为一个主体,谓语动词用单数;若着眼于成员或者个体,谓语动词用复数。Hisfamilywasthelargestamongthewholevillage.Myfamilyaregoingonatripthissummer.名词做主语2.单复数同形的词作主语,谓语动词单复数根据其意义而定。如means,fish,sheep,deer,crossroads,series,species,works(工厂)Eachmeanshasbeentriedtosolvetheproblem.Therearevariousofmeanstosolvetheproblem.名词做主语(1)work与workswork表示“工作”,不可数名词,谓语动词永远用单数。work表示“作品”,可数名词,谓语动词用单数;复数形式是works,谓语动词用复数。works表示“工厂”,单复数同形。谓语动词视其句子中的意义而定。(2)aseriesof+n和aspeciesof+n作主语,谓语动词用单数。名词做主语3.以s结尾的由两部分组成的表示衣物或者工具的名词作主语,谓语动词用复数。如:glasses,shoes,boots,pants,chopsticks,scissors,socks,stockings,trousers等但是前面有“apairof”或者“pairsof”修饰时,谓语动词与pair保持一致。4.以s结尾的学科作主语,谓语动词用单数。如:politics,physics,mathematics名词做主语5.以s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛和表示时间、距离、长度、价值、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语,常被看做整体,谓语动词用单数。Twentyyearshaspassed.Ahundredmilesisalongway.名词做主语1.anumberof和thenumberofanumberof+复数名词,表示“很多”,谓语动词用复数;thenumberof+复数名词,表示“„„的数量”,谓语动词用单数。含有修饰语的名词的主谓一致2.some,plentyof,alotof,lotsof等既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词,其谓语动词单复数根据所修饰的词而定。Somepeopleworktolivewhilesomepeoplelivetowork.Alotofworkistobedonetopreparefortheconference.含有修饰语的名词的主谓一致3.主语含有quantity,谓语动词单复数看quantity.aquantityof+可数名词/不可数名词,谓语动词用单数;quantitiesof+可数名词/不可数名词,谓语动词用复数。含有修饰语的名词的主谓一致4.mostof,therest,therestof,part,partof作主语,谓语动词应根据所修饰的名词或者代词而定。Partofhisstorywasnottrue.PartoftheteachersarefromEngland.含有修饰语的名词的主谓一致5.百分数,分数+of+名词作主语,谓语动词根据of后的名词决定单复数。50%ofthelandisnowsuitabletogrowcrops.20%ofthepeopleobjecttothenewlaw.注意:当用“onein”或者“oneoutof”表示几分之一时,谓语动词不看of后的名词,只用单数。Itisreportedthatoneintenpeoplesuffersfromlungcancer.含有修饰语的名词的主谓一致6.“themajorityof+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数。“themajority”单独作主语,谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。Themajorityofboyslikefootball.Themajoritywere/wasinfavoroftheproposal.含有修饰语的名词的主谓一致7.“akindof,thiskindof,manykindsof+名词”作主语,谓语动词与of后的名词保持数的一致。(kind可以替换成sort,type,form)含有修饰语的名词的主谓一致8.“morethanone+单数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数;“more+复数名词+thanone”作主语,谓语动词用复数。Morethanonepersonwasinjuredintheaccident.Moremembersthanoneareagainsttheproposal.含有修饰语的名词的主谓一致9.“manya+单数名词”作主语,谓语用单数。Manyastudenthasfailedintheexam.10.“oneortwo+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数;“a/an+单数名词+ortwo”作主语,谓语动词用单数。Oneortwodaysareenoughforthework.Adayortwoisenoughforthework.含有修饰语的名词的主谓一致1.and问题(1)both„and„作主语,谓语用复数。(2)and连接人名或者人称代词作主语,谓语动词用复数。并列结构作主语的主谓一致(3)两个名词共用一个冠词,用and连接,表示同一人、同一事或者同意概念,谓语用单数。Thesingerandthedanceraretoattendtheparty.Thesingeranddanceristoattendtheparty.常见表示同一概念的短语:breadandbutter面包黄油ahorseandcart一套马车aknifeandfork一副刀叉acupandsaucer一套茶盘并列结构作主语的主谓一致(4)every+单数名词+and+every+单数名词;each+单数名词+and+each+单数名词;no+单数名词+and+no+单数名词;manya+单数名词+and+manya+单数名词——谓语动词用单数并列结构作主语的主谓一致2.either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,not…but…,or作主语,谓语动词采取就近原则。Neitheryounoryourmotherisright.You,he,orIamright.NotonlyhebutalsoIamright.Iseitherheoryouright?并列结构作主语的主谓一致3.主语后面有with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,like,suchas,ratherthan,besides,including,inadditionto,except等词修饰,谓语动词不受这些词影响。Iaswellasyouamtoblameforbreakingthewindow.并列结构作主语的主谓一致1.TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor___askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.A.isB.wasC.areD.were答案:B.分析:先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C.。本题易误选D,因为TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。2.Yournewclothesfi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