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讲义3：形容词一、形容词的定义：表示人或事物的属性,特征或状态的词叫形容词(Adjective).形容词修饰名词,它的基本用法就是为名词提供更多的信息,它分为性质形容词和叙述形容词两类.二、形容词的位置1、单个形容词修饰名词时,一般要放在名词的前面，做定语。它们的前面常常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。例如:aredflower一朵红花thisinterestingstory这个有趣的故事sixblindmen六个盲人myownhouse我自己的房子形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。例如：Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Isthereanythinginterestinginthefilm.三、形容词和副词的等级变化大多数形容词和副词有三个级：原级（即原形）、比较级和最高级。1一般在词末尾加er变比较级，加est变最高级。strong—stronger-strongestsmall--smaller--smallesthard→harder→hardestfast→faster→fastest2如果以e结尾，只加r或st。nice--nicer--nicestfine--finer--finest3以重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est。sad--sadder--saddestbig--bigger--biggesthot--hotter--hottest4以辅音字母加y结尾的词，把y变成i，再加er或est。angry--angrier-angriestearly→earlier→earliesthungry-hungrier-hungriest5、但是，开放类副词即形容词加ly结尾变成的副词加more或most.如quickly→morequickly→mostquicklyquietly→morequietly→mostquietlyslowly—moreslowly—mostslowly［注］：early中的ly不是后缀，故把y变i再加er和est6、大部分双音节和所有多音节词都在其前面加more变比较级，加most变最高级different-moredifferent-mostdifferentbeautiful--morebeautiful--themostbeautifulexpensive--moreexpensive--themostexpensive但是，以形容前缀un结尾的三音节形容词不适合上述情况，如unhappy,untidy，我们可以说：unhappier→unhappiest,形容词比较级和最高级的不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder（新旧或年龄）/elder（兄弟姐妹的长幼关系）oldest/eldestfarfarther（表示距离，译为“更远”）/further（表示程度，译为“进一步的”）farthest/furthest四．形容词副词的用法1.the+形容词,表示一类人或事物,相当于名词,用作主语及宾语Theoldoftenthinkofoldthings.2The+形容词比较级...,the+形容词比较级...表示越...就越...。Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.3、形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级,表示越来越...。It'sgettinghotterandhotter.4主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。Thisboxisasbigasmine.ScienceisasimportantasChinese.科学和语文一样重要。其否定式，句型为“...notso(as)＋形容词或副词的原形＋as...”应译为“前者不如后者”eg.Thisclassroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.这间教室没有那间教室大。5、比较级：两个或两部分人或事物进行比较用比较级。比较级由“A..形容词(副词)的比较级＋thanB”构成,表示“A比B更加…”。eg:Heismoreathleticthanhistwinbrother.他比他的双胞胎弟弟更爱运动。Thatmustbealotmorefunthantakingabus.那一定比坐公汽有趣的多。Marysingsbetterthanhersister.玛莉比她妹妹唱得好些。重点：alittle,abit,alot,much，even,far等词后的形容词或副词用比较级。too,so,quite,how后只能用原形。6、形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。ShanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinChina.五、课堂练习一.单项填空1．---It’ssocoldtoday.---Yes,it’sthanitwasyesterday.A.morecoldB.morecolderC.muchcolderD.cold2．LittleTomhasfriends,soheoftenplaysalone.A.moreB.alittleC.manyD.few3．Sheisn’tsoatmathsasyouare.A.wellB.goodC.betterD.best4．Peterwritesofthethree.A.betterB.bestC.goodD.well5．Heisenoughtocarrytheheavybox.A.strongerB.muchstrongerC.stronD.thestrongest6．Theboxisheavyforthegirlcarry.A.too;toB.to;tooC.so;thatD.no;to7．Theiceinthelakeisaboutonemeter.It’sstrongenoughtoskateon.A.longB.highC.thickD.wide8．WuLinranfasterthantheotherboysinthesportsmeeting.A.soB.muchC.veryD.too9、---Whichis________,thesun,themoonortheearth?---Ofcoursethemoonis.A.smallB.smallerC.smallestD.thesmallest二.选择填空。1.Thenewlibraryhas______________(many,more)booksthantheoldone.2.Sallyis______________(tall,taller)thanhercousin.3.Ourschoolismuch______________(large,larger)thanyours.4.Look,Janetisjumping______________(high,higher)thanMike.5．MrHarerunsmuch______________(fast,faster)thanMrTurtle.MrHareneedn’trun______________(fast,faster)now.6.Inthegym,Tommyisplayingtabletennis______________(well,better)thanJimmy.7.Thisbookisvery______________(interesting,moreinteresting),butthatoneis______________(interesting,moreinteresting)thanit.三.用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Myschoolis______________,butTom’sschoolis______________thanmine.AndSally’sschoolisthe______________.(small)2.Rabbitscanrun______________,buttigerscanrun______________thanrabbits,andcheetahscanrun______________ofthethree.(fast)3.Pigis______________,butdeeris______________thanpig,andelephantisthe______________(heavy)