避碰规则全文(中英)

1972国际海上避碰规则中英文对照版11RegulationsforPreventingCollisionsatSea.1972PARTA──GENERALRule1Application(a)TheseRulesshalltoallvesselsuponthehighseasandinallwatersconnectedtherewithnavigablebyseagoingvessels.(b)NothingintheseRulesshallinterferewiththeoperationofspecialrulesmadebyanappropriateauthorityforroadsteads,harbours,rivers,lakesorinlandwaterwaysconnectedwiththehighseasandnavigablebysea-goingvessels.SuchspecialrulesshallconformascloselyaspossibletotheseRules.(c)NothingintheseRulesshallinterferewiththeoperationofanyspecialrulesmadebytheGovernmentofanyStatewithrespecttoadditionalstationorsignallights,shapesorwhistlesignalsforshipsofwarandvesselsproceedingunderconvoy,orwithrespecttoadditionalstationorshapesforfishingvesselsengagedinfishingasafleet.Theseadditionalstationorsignallights,shapesorwhistlesignalsshall,sofaraspossible,besuchthattheycannotbemistakenforanylight,shapeorsignalauthorizedelsewhereundertheseRules.(d)TrafficseparationschemesmaybeadoptedbytheOrganizationforthepurposeoftheseRules.(e)WhenevertheGovernmentconcernedshallhavedeterminedthatavesselofspecialconstructionorpurposecannotcomplyfullywiththeprovisionsofanyoftheseRuleswithrespecttothenumber,position,rangeorarcofvisibilityoflightsorshapes,aswellastothedispositionandcharacteristicsofsound-signalingappliances,suchvesselshallcomplywithsuchotherprovisionsinregardtothenumber,position,rangeorarcofvisibilityoflightsorshapes,aswellastothedispositionandcharacteristicsofsound-signalingappliances,asherGovernmentshallhavedeterminedtobetheclosestpossiblecompliancewiththeseRulesinrespectofthatvessel.第一条适用范围1.本规则适用于公海和连接于公海而可供海船航行的一切水域中的一切船舶.2.本规则不妨碍有关主管机关为连接于公海而可供海船航行的任何港外锚地、港口、江河、湖泊或内陆水道所制订的特殊规定的实施。这种特殊规定,应尽可能符合本规则。3.本规则不妨碍各国政府为军舰及护航下的船舶所制订的关于额外的队形灯、信号灯、号型或笛号，或者为结对从事捕鱼的渔船所制定的关于额外的队形灯、信号灯、号型或笛号,应尽可能不致被误认为本规则其他条文所规定的任何号灯、号型或信号。4.为实施本规则，本组织可以采纳分道通航制。5.凡经有关政府确定，某种特殊构造或用途的船舶，如不能完全遵守本规则任何一条关于号灯或号型的数量、位置、能见距离或弧度以及声号设备的配置和特性的规定时，则应遵守其政府在号灯或号型的数量、位置、能见距离或弧度以1972国际海上避碰规则中英文对照版22及声号设备的配置和特性方面为之另行确定的尽可能符合本规则要求的规定。Rule2Responsibility(a)NothingintheseRulesshallexonerateanyvessel,ortheowner,masterorcrewthereof,fromtheconsequencesofanyneglecttocomplywiththeseRulesoroftheneglectofanyprecautionwhichmayberequiredbytheordinarypracticeofseamen,orbythespecialcircumstancesofthecase.(b)InconstruingandcomplyingwiththeseRulesdueregardshallbehadtoalldangersofnavigationandcollisionandtoanyspecialcircumstances,includingthelimitationsofthevesselsinvolved,whichmaymakeadeparturefromtheseRulesnecessarytoavoidimmediatedanger.第二条责任1.本规则并不免除任何船舶或其所有人、船长或船员由于遵守本规则的任何疏忽，或者海员通常做法要求的或当时特殊情况要求的任何戒备上的疏忽而产生的各种后果的责任。2.在解释和遵守本规则时，应考虑到一切航行和碰撞的危险以及包括当事船舶条件限制在内的任何特殊情况，这些危险和特殊情况可能使船舶在必要时为避免紧迫危险而背离本规则。Rule3GeneralDefinitionsForthepurposeoftheseRules,exceptwherethecontextotherwiserequires:(a)Thewordvesselincludeseverydescriptionofwatercraft,includingnon-displacementcraftandseaplanes,usedorcapableofbeingusedasameansoftransportationonwater.(b)Thetermpower-drivenvesselmeansanyvesselundersailprovidedthatpropellingmachinery,iffitted,isnotbeingused.(d)Thetermvesselengagedinfishingmeansanyvesselfishingwithnets,lines,trawlsorotherfishingapparatuswhichrestrictmaneuverability,butdoesnotincludeavesselfishingwithtrollinglinesorotherfishingapparatuswhichdonotrestrictmaneuverability.(e)Thewordseaplaneincludesanyaircraftdesignedtomanoeuvreonthewater.(f)ThetermvesselnotundercommandmeansavesselwhichthroughsomeexceptionalcircumstanceisunabletomanoeuvreasrequiredbytheseRulesandisthereforeunabletokeepoutofthewayofanothervessel.(g)ThetermvesselrestrictedinherabilitytomanoeuvremeansavesselwhichfromthenatureofherworkisrestrictedinherabilitytomanoeuvreasrequiredbytheseRulesandisthereforeunabletokeepoutofthewayofanothervessel.Thetermvesselsrestrictedintheirabilitytomanoeuvreshallincludebutnotbelimitedto:(i)Avesselengagedinlaying,servicingorpickingupanavigationmark,submarinecableorpipeline;(ii)Avesselengagedindredging,surveyingorunderwateroperations;(iii)Avesselengagedinreplenishmentortransferringpersons,provisionsor1972国际海上避碰规则中英文对照版33cargowhileunderway;(iv)avesselengagedinthelaunchingorrecoveryofaircraft;(v)avesselengagedinmineclearanceoperations;(vi)avesselengagedinatowingoperationsuchasseverelyrestrictsthetowingvesselandhertowintheirabilitytodeviatefromtheircourse.(h)Thetermvesselconstrainedbyherdraughtmeansapower-drivenvesselwhich,becauseofherdraughtinrelationtotheavailabledepthandwidthofnavigablewater,isseverelyrestrictedinherabilitytodeviatefromthecoursesheisfollowing.(i)Thewordunderwaymeansthatavesselisnotatanchor,ormadefasttotheshore,oraground.(j)Thewordslengthandbreadthofavesselmeanherlengthoverallandgreatestbreadth.(k)Vesselsshallbedeemedtobeinsightofoneanotheronlywhenonecanbeobservedvisuallyfromtheother.(L)Thetermrestrictedvisibilitymeansanyconditioninwhichvisibilityisrestrictedbyfog,mist,fallingsnow,heavyrainstorms,sandstormsoranyothersimilarcauses.第三条一般定义除其他条文另有解释外，在本规则中：１．“船舶”一词，指用作或者能够用作水上运输工具的各类水上船筏，包括非排水船舶和水上飞机。２．“机动船”一词，指用机器推进的任何船舶。３．“帆船”一词，指任何驶帆的船舶，包括装有推进机器而不在使用者。４．“从事捕鱼的船舶”一词，指使用网具、绳钓、拖网或其他使其操纵性能受到限制的渔具捕鱼的任何船舶，但不包