信息与通信工程专业介绍(英文版)

BriefIntroductiontoInformationandCommunicationEngineering2011.5.30BriefIntroductiontoInformationandCommunicationEngineeringAmongalloftheessentialsforhumanexistence,theneedtointeractwithothersranksjustbelowourneedtosustainlife.Communicationisalmostasimportanttousasourrelianceonair,water,food,andshelter.Themethodsthatweusetoshareideasandinformationareconstantlychangingandevolving.Whereasthehumannetworkwasoncelimitedtoface-to-faceconversations,mediabreakthroughscontinuetoextendthereachofourcommunications.Fromtheprintingpresstomobilephone,eachnewdevelopmenthasimprovedandenhancedourcommunication.ThedevelopmentofCommunication（1）Inancienttimes，informationcouldbetransferredthroughlightorsound。光通信：中国--烽火台、希腊—火炬的位置表示字母符号声通信：中国—击鼓鸣金（2）Beginningandturningpoint：1837-Morse-telegram；1876-Bell-telephone；1895-Marconi-radioThedevelopmentofCommunicationdevelopmentoftransmissionchannelmulticorecable—CoaxialCable—opticalfiber多芯电缆—同轴电缆—光纤developmentofCommunicationcomponentsvacuumtube—transistor—integratecircuit—largescaleintegratedcircuit真空管—晶体管—集成电路—大规模集成电路developmentoftransmissionmethodtelegram—voice—Muchcarriermodulation—pulse-codemodulation电报--声音—多载波调幅—pcmdevelopmentofrangeofmessagevoice—text—graph，image声音—文字—图形、图像ThedevelopmentofCommunicationAswitheveryadvanceincommunicationtechnology,thecreationandinterconnectionofrobustdatanetworksishavingaprofoundeffect.Earlydatanetworkswerelimitedtoexchangingcharacter-basedinformationbetweenconnectedcomputersystems.Currentnetworkshaveevolvedtocarryvoice,videostreams,text,andgraphicsbetweenmanydifferenttypesofdevices.Previouslyseparateanddistinctcommunicationformshaveconvergedontoacommonplatform.Thisplatformprovidesaccesstoawiderangeofalternativeandnewcommunicationmethodsthatenablepeopletointeractdirectlywitheachotheralmostinstantaneously.ThefutureofCommunication（3）5w：whateverwhereverwhoeverwhomeverwhenever任何人在任何时间、任何地点接收来自任何人的任何信息ThefutureofCommunicationMobileCellularNetworkMobileAdHocNetworkFixedNetworkBSCBSCBSCWLANWhatisCommunication？Asweallknow，networkscansupportthewaywelearn，thewayweworkandthewayweplay.Livinginanetwork-centricworld,communicationisanessentialpartofourlives.WhatisCommunication？Communicationinourdailylivestakesmanyformsandoccursinmanyenvironments.Eachsituationhasitscorrespondingexpectedbehaviorsandstyles.EstablishingtheRulesBeforebeginningtocommunicatewitheachother,weestablishrulesoragreementstogoverntheconversation.Theserules,orprotocols,mustbefollowedinorderforthemessagetobesuccessfullydeliveredandunderstood.Amongtheprotocolsthatgovernsuccessfulhumancommunicationare:AnidentifiedsenderandreceiverAgreeduponmethodofcommunicating(face-to-face,telephone,letter,photograph)CommonlanguageandgrammarSpeedandtimingofdeliveryConfirmationoracknowledgementrequirementsEnsureQualityofCommunicationsCommunicationbetweenindividualsisdeterminedtobesuccessfulwhenthemeaningofthemessageunderstoodbytherecipientmatchesthemeaningintendedbythesender.Theexternalfactorsaffectingcommunicationarerelatedtothecomplexityofthenetworkandthenumberofdevicesamessagemustpassthroughonitsroutetoitsfinaldestination.EnsureQualityofCommunicationsInternalfactorsthatinterferewithnetworkcommunicationarerelatedtothenatureofthemessageitself.Boththeinternalandexternalfactorsthataffectthereceiptofamessagemustbeanticipatedandcontrolledfornetworkcommunicationstobesuccessful.Newinnovationsinnetworkhardwareandsoftwarearebeingimplementedtoensurethequalityandreliabilityofnetworkcommunications.CommunicationoverNetworksBeingabletoreliablycommunicatetoanyone,anywhere,isbecomingincreasinglyimportanttoourpersonalandbusinesslives.Inordertosupporttheimmediatedeliveryofthemillionsofmessagesbeingexchangedbetweenpeopleallovertheworld,werelyonawebofinterconnectednetworks.Thesedataorinformationnetworksvaryinsizeandcapabilities,butallnetworkshavefourbasicelementsincommon:Rulesoragreementstogovernhowthemessagesaresent,directed,receivedandinterpretedThemessagesorunitsofinformationthattravelfromonedevicetoanotherAmeansofinterconnectingthesedevices-amediumthatcantransportthemessagesfromonedevicetoanotherDevicesonthenetworkthatexchangemessageswitheachotherTheElementsofaNetworkThediagramshowselementsofatypicalnetwork,includingdevices,media,andservices,tiedtogetherbyrules,thatworktogethertosendmessages.TheElementsofaNetwork：devicesTheElementsofaNetwork：devicesSwitch-themostcommondeviceforinterconnectinglocalareanetworksFirewall-providessecuritytonetworksRouter-helpsdirectmessagesastheytravelacrossanetworkWirelessRouter-aspecifictypeofrouteroftenfoundinhomenetworksTheElementsofaNetwork：mediumTheElementsofaNetwork：mediumForanetworktofunction,thedevicesmustbeinterconnected.Networkconnectionscanbewiredorwireless.Inwiredconnections,themediumiseithercopper,whichcarrieselectricalsignals,oropticalfiber,whichcarrieslightsignals.Inwirelessconnections,themediumistheEarth'satmosphere,orspace,andthesignalsaremicrowaves.TheElementsofaNetwork：rulesHumanbeingsoftenseektosendandreceiveavarietyofmessagesusingcomputerapplications;