1高考英语语法专题复习一、冠词TheArticle知识要点:冠词是一种虚词,放在名词的前面,帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词(TheIndefiniteArticle)和定冠词(ThedefiniteArticle)两种。a(an)是不定冠词,a用在辅音之前:如abook,aman;an用在元音之前,如:anoldman,anhour,aninterestingbook等。the是定冠词。一、不定冠词的用法1、指人或事物的某一种类(泛指)。这是不定冠词a(an)的基本用法。如:Sheisagirl.Iamateacher.Pleasepassmeanapple.2、指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:Heborrowedastory-bookfromthelibrary.AWangislookingforyou.一位姓王的同志正在找你。3、表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。如:Ihaveamouth,anoseandtwoeyes.4、用于某些固定词组中。如:abit,afew,alittle,alotof,apieceof,acupof,aglassof,apileof,apairof,haveagoodtime,forawhile,foralongtime等。5、用在抽象名词前,表具体的介绍——a+抽象名词,起具体化的作用。如:Thislittlegirlisajoytoherparents.这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。Itisapleasuretotalkwithyou.跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。Itisanhonourtometoattendthemeeting.参加这个会,对我来说是一种荣誉。二、定冠词的用法:1、特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如:BeijingisthecapitalofChina.Thepenonthedeskismine.2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如:Whereistheteacher?Openthewindow,please.3、指上文提过的人或事物(第二次出现)。如:Therewasachairbythewindow.Onthechairsatayoungwomanwithababyinherarms.Thebabywasthin.4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如:theearth,themoon,thesun.5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前。(副词最高级前的定冠词可省略)如:Heisalwaysthefirsttocometoschool.2Bobisthetallestinhisclass.6、用在某些专有名词前(由普通名词构成的专用名词)。如:theGreatWall,theSummerPalace,theScienceMuseum,theChildren’sPalace,theParty等。7、用在一些习惯用语中。如:ontheday,inthemorning(afternoon,evening),thedayaftertomorrow,thedaybeforeyesterday,thenextyear,bytheway等。8、用在江河湖海、山脉前。如:theYellowRiver,thePacificOcean,theAlps,theHimalayas9、用在报刊、杂志前。如:thePeople’sDaily,theEveningPaper,theTimes泰晤士报。10、表示某一家人要加定冠词。如:TheBrownsareathometoreceivevisitorstoday.布朗一家今天要接待客人。11、用在形容词前,表某一类人。如:thepoor,thewounded,theliving,thedead,therich,thesick等。12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。如:Thedriveralwayssitsinthefrontofthebus(car).三、零冠词(即不用冠词):1、专用名词和不可数名词前。如:China,America,GradeOne,ClassTwo,milk,oil,water,paper,science等。2、名词前已有作定语用的this,that,my,your,some,any等代词。如:Godownthisstreet.3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如:Wearestudents.Ilikereadingstories.4、节日、日期、月份、季节前。如:Teachers’Day,Children’sDay,NationalDay,insummer,inJuly等。TodayisNewYear’sDay.ItisSunday.March8isWomen’sDay.5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前,尤其作表语、宾补时。如:What’sthematter,Granny?Weelectedhimmonitor.6、在某些习惯用语中的名词前。如:3atnoon,atnight,atfirst,atlast,atmost,atleast,bybus(train,air,sea),inbed,intime,infrontof,gotoschool,gotobed,gotocollege,onfoot,attable,inink,inpencil等。7、在三餐饭和球类运动前。如:Shegoestoschoolafterbreakfasteverymorning.Wearegoingtoplayfootball.Weusuallyhavelunchatschool.8、科目前不加。如:WelearnChinese,maths,Englishandsomeothersubjects.【专项训练】:1、Wecan’tlivewithoutair.A.anB.×C.theD.some2、——Haveyouseenpen?Ileftitherethismorning.——Isitblackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a3、I’vebeenwaitingforhimforhourandhalf.A.×;×B.the;aC.a;theD.an;a4、Whatfineweatherwehavetoday!A.aB.×C.someD.an5、Haveyoueverseenastallasthisone?A.atreeB.suchtreeC.antreeD.tree6、Childrenusuallygotoschoolatageofsix.A.×;theB.a;anC.the;×D.the;the7、Himalayasishighestmountaininworld.A.×;the;×B.The;the;theC.A;a;aD.×;×;×8、Theyeachhave__book.LiHua’sisaboutwriter.WangLin’sisonscience.A.a;a;×B.the;×;theC.×;the;×D.a;the;a9、Physicsisscienceofmatterandenergy.A.The;×B.×;×C.×;theD.A;a10、sunrisesineastandsetsinwest.A.A;an;aB.The;×;×C.The;the;theD.A;the;a11、Manypeopleagreethat__knowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltradetoday.A.a;×B.the;anC.the;theD.×;the12、__MrJonescalledwhileyouwereout(neitherofusknowsthisman).Hewasinbad4temper.A.×;aB.A;×C.The;theD.A;a13、Theywereatdinnerthen.Itwasdelicousone.A.a;theB.×;×C.×;aD.a;a14、whatkindofcardoyouwanttobuy?A.×B.theC.aD.an15、AliceisfondofplayingpianowhileHenryisinterestedinlisteningtomusic.A.×;theB.×;×C.the;×D.the;the16、Beyondstars,theastronautsawnothingbutspace.A.the;×B.×;theC.×;×D.the;the17、AlexanderGrahamBellinventedtelephonein1876.A.×B.aC.theD.one18、——Where’sJack?——Ithinkhe’sstillinbed,buthemightjustbeinbathroom.A.×;×B.the;theC.the;×D.×;the19、Manypeoplearestillinhabitofwritingsillythingsinpublicplaces.A.the;theB.×;×C.the;×D.×;the20、——I’dlikeinformationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.——Well,youcouldhavewordwiththemanager.Hemightbehelpful.A.some;aB.an;someC.some;someD.an;a【答案】:1、Bair是不可数名词。2、D此题为97年高考题。根据句意,第一空是泛指,第一次出现;第二空仍是泛指,且表数量“-”。3、D元音前用an。4、Bweather是不可数名词。5、A此题为85年高考题。泛指。6、Agotoschool是固定短语。7、B山脉、形容词最高级及世界上的唯一的名词前加定冠词。8、A第一、二空泛指,第三空,science是不可数名词。9、C第一空,科目前不加冠词;第二空特指,有定语。10、C11、A第一空,a+不可数名词表具体的介绍;第二空,trade不可数。12、D第一空是指有一位琼斯先生在您不在的时候来访。(括号里说明,我们俩都不认识这个人,因此不是特指。)第二空是固定短语,情绪不好。513、C第一空atdinner正在吃饭,固定短语。14、A泛指15、C此题是89年高考题:乐器前加定冠词;music是不可数名词。16、A此题是90年高考题:stars前应加定冠词;space不可数。17、C此题是91年高考题:发明应是特指。18、D此题是92年高考题。inbed是固定短语,不加冠词。19、C此题是93年高考题。第一空后有定语,固是特指。第二空,publicplaces,公共场所,泛指。20、A此题是95年高考题。information是不可数名词;haveawordwithsb.是固定短语。二、名词Nouns知识要点:一、名词的种类:1、专有名词:1)China,Japan,Beijing,London,Tom,Jack(不加冠词)2)theGreatWall,theYellowRiver,thePeople’sRepublicofChina,theUnitedStates等。(由普通名词构成的专有名词,要加定冠词。)2、普通名词:1)不可数名词物质名词:,,,…抽象名词:,,,,…waterriceoilpaperhealthtroubleworkpleasurehonor注意:不可数名词前一般不加冠词,尤不加不定冠词:若加a(an)则使之具体化了。如:haveawonderfultime.不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。不可数名词一般无复数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时,可用复数形式。如:fishes,newspapers,waters,snows……||||各种各样的鱼各种报纸河湖、海水积雪有些抽象名词也常用复数,变为可数的具