Unit8NaturaldisastersGrammar学习目标1.知识目标:学习词汇:break,学习词组:onthesideoftheroad,breakdown,becauseof学习句子:Iwassleepingat10p.m.lastnight.Iwassleepingwhentheearthquakestarted.学习目标2.技能目标:学会使用过去进行时。学会使用when、while和as。一般现在时1)经常发生或反复发生的动作。如Hegetsupatsix.2)客观存在的事实或状态。如Itisfinetoday.3)永恒的真理。如Thesunrisesintheeast.回顾所学过的时态一般过去时1)过去发生的动作或存在的状态。如Iwenttoschoolonfoot.2)刚发生过的动作。如Shecameinjustnow.现在进行时1)此刻正在进行的动作如WearehavingourEnglishclassnow.2)此阶段正在进行的动作如Weareusinganewtextbook.一般将来时如Iamgoingto/shall/willvisitmyunclethisweekend.过去进行时今早7:00我在吃早饭。Iwaseatingbreakfastat7:00thismorning.昨晚8:00-10:00他在看电视。HewaswatchingTVfrom8:00to10:00lastnight.Pastcontinuoustense(过去进行时)Tomwasplayingfootball.Shewasreadingabook.WhatwasTomdoingjustnow?WhatwasLucydoingat2:30p.m.yesterday?TheywerewatchingTVfrom6to8lastnight.Thetwinswerethinking.Whatweretheydoingfrom6to8lastnight?Whatwerethetwinsdoingatthistimeyesterday?过去进行时的句式(1)基本结构:was/were+v-ing(2)否定式:was/werenot+v-ingwasnot=wasn’twerenot=weren’t(3)疑问句:将was/were调到主语前过去进行时的基本用法表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作以及过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作,常与表示过去的具体时间连用。如:atthattime,atthistimeyesterday,at9:00lastnight,atthatmoment,from7to10thismorning,whenIcamein等连用。一般过去时与过去进行时的区分Hewrotealetterthismorning.Hewaswritingaletterthismorning.区别:今天上午他写了一封信。今天上午他一直写信。过去进行时与一般过去时的区别过去进行时着重描述当时正在进行的动作,它的特点是:未完成,强调过程;一般过去时表示一个业已完成的动作,表示动作发生过,而且已经结束了,强调结果。认识过去进行时句式1)JimwaswatchingTVfromeighttotenlastnight.2)Jimwasn’twatchingTVfromeighttotenlastnight.3)--WasJimwatchingTVfromeighttotenlastnight?--Yes,hewas./No,hewasn’t.4)WhatwasJimdoingfromeighttotenlastnight?when,while和as的用法如:昨晚当我到家的时候,妈妈和爸爸正在看电视。MyparentswerewatchingTVwhenIarrivedhomelastnight.•刚才当老师走进教室的时候,学生们正在读书。Studentswerereadingwhentheteachercameinjustnow.有时为了句子表达的需要,我们可以用复合句来表达过去进行时。when,while和as这三个词均有“当…时候“的意思。如:Therewerefewersandstormswhenmygrandparentswereyoung.我祖父母年轻时沙尘暴要少些。WhileMilliewaswatchingTV,hermumwassleeping.米莉在看电视时她妈妈在睡觉。IsawatrafficaccidentasIwasridingtoschoolthismorning.今天早晨我骑车上学时看见一起交通事故。when和as既可以指某一点时间,也可以指某一段时间,其从句谓语动词表示的动作既可以是瞬间性的,也可以是延续性的,while指一段时间,从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的。即:指一段时间时,when、while和as都可用;指一点时间时,只能用when或as,不能用while。试比较:When/Ashewokeup,itwaseighto’clock.(/)Whilehewokeup,itwaseighto’clock.(X)When/While/AsIwaswaitingforabus,Imether.(/)when引导的从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生;while和as引导的从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。Whenhefinishedhishomework,heplayedthecomputergamesforawhile.当他完成作业后,他玩了会儿电脑游戏。(finished先发生)WhenIgottothemuseum,thedoorwasclosed.当我赶到博物馆时,大门已经关上了。(gotto后发生)While/AsIwassleeping,thetelephonerang.当我睡觉时,电话响了。(wassleeping和rang同时发生)当主句、从句动作同时发生且从句动作为延续性动词时,when、while和as都可使用。When/While/Asshewasmakingaphonecall,Iwaswritinganemail.当她在打电话时,我正在写一封电子邮件。(make为延续性动词)When/while/Aswewerereading,astrangercamein.当我们正在看书时,一位陌生人走了进来。(read为延续性动词)强调两个动作同时进行,常用“过去进行时+while+过去进行时“结构。如:Theywererowingboatswhilewewereclimbingthehill.当我们在爬山时,他们在划船。强调某个动作发生的时候,另一个动作正在进行,常用“一般过去时+while+过去进行时“结构。如:Itbegantorainheavilywhilewewerehavingdinner.我们在吃晚饭时,开始下起大雨。强调某个动作正在进行时,另一个动作突然发生,常用”过去进行时+when+一般过去时”结构。如:Iwaswalkinginthestreetwhenhecalledme.我正在街上走时,他突然喊我。当主句、从句动作同时进行,从句动作的时间概念淡化,而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时,只能用as。这时,as有“随着…”;“一边…,一边…“之意。Asyearsgoby,Chinaisgettingricherandstronger.随着时间一年一年过去,中国变得越来越富强了。Thelittlegirlssangastheyplayed.小姑娘们一边玩,一边唱。例题巩固:(1).Wewereswimminginthelake_____therainstartedyesterday.A.whenB.whileC.untilD.before(2).Wearegoingtothepostoffice.____you’rethere,canyougetmesomestamps?A.AsB.WhileC.BecauseD.If(3).Babiessleepl6tol8hoursinevery24hours,andtheysleepless__theygrowolder.A.whileB.asC.whenD.after但是若强调某个动作正在进行中时,又发生了别的动作,用when从句。when从句必用过去进行时,主句用一般过去时。(表示在when从句正进行期间又发生了主句的动作)此时,when=while,表时间段。如:当学生们正在读书时,老师走进了教室。When/Whilethestudentswerereading,theteachercameintotheclassroom.昨晚当爸爸和妈妈正在看电视时,我到家了。WhilemyparentswerewacthingTVlastnight,Iwenthome.若主、从句两个延续动作同时进行,用while,则主与从句都用进行时,此时,while译为“而”“一边,一边”,如:1.他正在读书而我正在学习。HewasreadingthenewspaperwhileIwasstudying.2.贝贝正在唱歌,而萍萍正在跳舞。BeibeiwassingingwhilePingpingwasdancing.3.她一边听歌一边做作业。Shewasdoingherhomeworkwhileshewaslisteningtomusic.4.当玻璃或砖块落下来时人们疯狂的跑了出来。Peoplewererunningwildlywhilepiecesofglassandbrickswerefallingdown.5.Suzy正在堆雪人而Kitty在她旁边站着看。SuzywasmakingasnowmanwhileKittywasstandingbesideher.1.What______yourbrother________(do)atnineo’clocklastnight?2.They______________(listen)tomusicatthattime.3.WhenIsawhim,he_____________(search)theInternet.wasdoingwerelisteningwassearchingExercise14.They______________(discuss)aprobleminthemeetingroomatthistimeyesterday.5.______Amy________(visit)theScienceMuseumfrom9:00a.m.to11:00a.m.yesterday?werediscussingWasvisiting1.Mywalletdroppedontheground_______Iwasrunning.2.__________Iwasfallingasleep,therewasaloudknockonthedoor.3.__________hewasreading,anearthquakestarted.4.Werethestudentslisteningtotheteachercarefully_________theteacherwasgivingalesson?5._________thetelephonerang,Ibecamenervous.whileWhenWhilewhileWhenExercise2当堂反馈Homework1.Makesentenceswith“when”,“while”and“as”.2.Finishofftheexercisesonpages97,and98.