虚拟语气

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精品资料网()25万份精华管理资料,2万多集管理视频讲座精品资料网()专业提供企管培训资料16、虚拟语气1)、概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。2)、在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。16.1真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中if是如果的意思。时态关系句型:条件从句主句一般现在时shall/will+动词原形Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.典型例题Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.A、willrainB、rainsC、rainedD、israined答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。注意:1)、在真实条件句中,主句不能用begoingto表示将来,该用shall,will.精品资料网()25万份精华管理资料,2万多集管理视频讲座精品资料网()专业提供企管培训资料(错)Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.(对)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.2)、表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。16.2、非真实条件句1)、时态:可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。a、同现在事实相反的假设。句型:条件从句主句一般过去时should(would)+动词原形Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.b、表示于过去事实相反的假设。句型:条件从句主句过去完成时should(would)have+过去分词Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.含义:Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhave精品资料网()25万份精华管理资料,2万多集管理视频讲座精品资料网()专业提供企管培训资料madegreaterprogress.含义:Hewasillandmissedmanylessons,sohedidnotmakegreaterprogress.c、表示对将来的假想句型:条件从句主句一般过去时should+动词原形were+不定式would+动词原形should+动词原形Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.16.3、混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在).16.4、虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略,再把were,should或had移到从句句首,实行倒装。精品资料网()25万份精华管理资料,2万多集管理视频讲座精品资料网()专业提供企管培训资料Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.注意:在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'be'的过去时态一律用were,不用was,即在从句中be用were代替。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你,就会去找他。Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。典型例题1)、_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A、IfwereIB、IwereC、WereID、WasI答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前,变成were,should,had+主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说WereInottodo.,而不能说Weren'tItodo.16.5特殊的虚拟语气词:should精品资料网()25万份精华管理资料,2万多集管理视频讲座精品资料网()专业提供企管培训资料1)、Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should加动词原形,should可省略。句型:(1)suggestedItis(2)importantthat…+(should)do(3)apity(1)、suggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,nsisted;+(should)do(2)、important,necessary,natural,strangeapity,ashame,nowonder(3)、Itissuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Itisnecessarythathe(should)cometoourmeetingtomorrow.2)、在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+(should)doIsuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意:如suggest,insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时,即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时,宾语从句用陈述语气。Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybodyobeytherules.精品资料网()25万份精华管理资料,2万多集管理视频讲座精品资料网()专业提供企管培训资料判断改错:(错)Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.(对)Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.(错)Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.(对)Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.3)、在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.16.6、wish的用法1)、用于wish后面的从句,表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为:真实状况wish后从句动作先于主句动词动作(be的过去式为were)现在时过去时从句动作与主句动作同时发生(had+过去分词)过去时过去完成时精品资料网()25万份精华管理资料,2万多集管理视频讲座精品资料网()专业提供企管培训资料将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时would/could+动词原形IwishIwereastallasyou.我希望和你一样高。Hewishedhehadn'tsaidthat.他希望他没讲那样的话。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。2)、Wishtodo表达法。Wishsb/sthtodoIwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.(=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.)16.7、比较ifonly与onlyifonlyif表示只有;ifonly则表示如果……就好了。Ifonly也可用于陈述语气。Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.当时闹钟响了,就好了。Ifonlyhecomesearly.但愿他早点回来。16.8、Itis(high)timethatItis(high)timethat后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形,但should不可省略。精品资料网()25万份精华管理资料,2万多集管理视频讲座精品资料网()专业提供企管培训资料Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.16.9、need不必做和本不该做didn'tneedtodo表示:过去不必做某事,事实上也没做。.needn'thavedone表示:过去不必做某事,但事实上做了。JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,soshedidn'tneedtowalkbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她不必步行回家了。JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,sosheneedn'thavewalkedbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家,没有遇上John的车。)典型例题Therewasplentyoftime.She___.A、mustn'thavehurriedB、couldn'thavehurriedC、mustnothurryD、needn'thavehurried答案D。needn'thavedone.

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