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两脚踏东西文化一心评宇宙文章1HowtoConductDecentResearchWorkFengZheng,Ph.D.MaterialsChemistryCentralSouthUniversity两脚踏东西文化一心评宇宙文章2Aims•Provideasimplebutformalintroductiontoyoungresearchersthebasicstrategyemployedbypeer-reviewedscientistsaroundtheworld•Personalexperiencehomeandabroad•Suggestionsforfuturework•Editorialwork•Itchesoftranslation/interpretation两脚踏东西文化一心评宇宙文章3IdentifyaProject•Literaturesearch(uptonow)•Introduction(why,what,how,what)–Whyis/arethis/theseimportant–Whathas/havebeendone–Howdidtheydo–Whatwas/wereleft(foryou)and–Whatdoyouwanttodo•Theoreticalwork?•Experimentalwork?两脚踏东西文化一心评宇宙文章4Title•Properwordsforyourtitle•好的开头是成功的一半•Agoodbeginningishalfdone.•Becautionwhenusingon,investigation,researchandstudyfortitle两脚踏东西文化一心评宇宙文章5Theory&ExperimentSet-up•Whatdoyouwanttodo–Improveoragainstexistingtheory?–Providemoredata?–Proposenovelideas?•Howtoachieveyourgoals–Betterorreliabletheoreticalanalysis–Betterornewexperimentalresults•Rawmaterials•Equipments•Experimentprocedure两脚踏东西文化一心评宇宙文章6Results•Newtheoreticalanalysis(notease)•Formostengineeringworkweneed:–Chemicalcomposition–Structure–Mechanicalproperties–Physicalproperties–Etc.–Inproperorder两脚踏东西文化一心评宇宙文章7AnalysisorDiscussion•Howtodescribeyourresults•Howtomakecomparisonwithliterature•Whyareyourworkimportant•Whatareyourcontributiontoscienceorengineering•Whatareyourconclusions两脚踏东西文化一心评宇宙文章8Conclusions•Whatareyourconclusions–Theoreticalanalysis–Experimentalresults–Workongoingorsuggestions两脚踏东西文化一心评宇宙文章9Abstract•Whathas/havebeendone•Mostimportantresults•Tuneofpast–was/were,has/havebeen两脚踏东西文化一心评宇宙文章10Acknowledgements•Financialsupport•Helpfordiscussionandtheoreticalanalysis•Helpoftechnicians两脚踏东西文化一心评宇宙文章11LiteratureCitation•Historyofthiswork–Makeyourspartofthehistory–Laterworkhastociteyourpaper(important)•Styleaccordingtoinstructionforauthorsofchosenjournal两脚踏东西文化一心评宇宙文章12Checklist•Title(eye-catching)•Authors(teamwork*)•Abstract(concise)•Introduction(story-telling)•Experimentalprocedure(book-keeping)•Results(book-keeping)•Discussion(elegance,cross-reference)•Conclusion(solid)•Acknowledgements(polite)•Literaturecitation(honest)两脚踏东西文化一心评宇宙文章13TextLayout•Keepitconsistentthroughoutthemanuscript.Doublelinespacingand12fontispreferred:makeitconvenientforreviewerstomakeannotations.•Numberthepages.•Numberthelinesifthejournalrequirestodoso.两脚踏东西文化一心评宇宙文章14LengthofFullArticle“…25-30pagesistheideallengthforasubmittedmanuscript,includingessentialdataonly.”–JulianEastoe,Co-editor,JournalofColloidandInterfaceScienceTitlepageAbstract1paragraphIntroduction1.5-2manuscriptpages(double-spaced,12pt)Methods2-4manuscriptpagesResultsandDiscussion10-12manuscriptpagesConclusions1-2manuscriptpagesFigures6-8Tables1-3References20-50itemsLettersorshortcommunicationshaveastricterlimitationofthelength.Forexample,3000wordswithnomorethan5illustrations.两脚踏东西文化一心评宇宙文章15Submission•Wheretopublishyourwork–Impactfactor–ScientificCommunity(bulletin,transactionsandjournalsofwell-establishedinternationalornationalsociety)•Electricalsubmission•Coverletter•Correspondingauthor两脚踏东西文化一心评宇宙文章16CommunicationtoEditors•Acknowledgeeditorialwork•Addressexactlythequestionsraisedbyreviewers•Rebuttalwithsoundevidences两脚踏东西文化一心评宇宙文章17WhatGetsYouAccepted?•Attentiontodetails•Checkanddoublecheckyourwork•Considerthereviews•Englishmustbeasgoodaspossible•Presentationisimportant•Takeyourtimewithrevision•Acknowledgethosewhohavehelpedyou•New,originalandpreviouslyunpublished•Criticallyevaluateyourownmanuscript•Ethicalrulesmustbeobeyed–NigelJohnCook,Editor-in-Chief,OreGeologyReviews两脚踏东西文化一心评宇宙文章18SuggestionsforStudents•Labrecords(experimentresults)•Literaturereviewing(introduction&discussion)•Talktosupervisor(bringcopiedarticles&data)•Discussionwithotherfaculty/fellowstudents•Writedownanythingofinterest–Trytodoonepaperinonemonth!–Thiscanbedoneandwehavedoneandcandothatinaregularbase(onceforeachstudent).–Everythingshouldbemadeassimpleaspossible,butnotsimpler.–AlbertEinstein两脚踏东西文化一心评宇宙文章19SamuelJohnson(1709-1784)•Yourmanuscriptisbothgoodandoriginal,butthepartthatisgoodisnotoriginalandthepartthatisoriginalisnotgood.•Whatiswrittenwithouteffortisingeneralreadwithoutpleasure.•Knowledgeisoftwokinds.Weknowasubjectourselves,orweknowwherewecanfindinformationonit.•Curiosityisoneofthepermanentandcertaincharacteristicsofavigorousmind.•GreatEnglishauthor,critic,&lexicographer;wroteDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage1747-1755,novelRasselas1759,10-volumeLivesofthePoets1779-1781.NextonlytoWilliamShakespeare.两脚踏东西文化一心评宇宙文章20GoodReferences•ChicagoGuidestoWriting,Editing,andPublishing•TheChicagoManualofStyle,15thEdition:CD-ROMforWindows(CD-ROM),June15,2007(Note1stEditionin1906)•AManualforWritersofResearchPapers,Theses,andDissertations,7thEdition:ChicagoStyleforStudentsandResearchers,April15,2007•TheCraftofResearch,2ndedition,March2003AllbyUniversityofChicagoPress两脚踏东西文化一心评宇宙文章21ItchesofTranslation/Interpretation•Idiom,phrase,proverb,saying,slagetc.•信-Meaningful,达-Loyalty,雅-Elegance•不懂外语的林纾(琴南)，《巴黎茶花女遗事》和《撒克逊劫后英雄略》译笔流畅，对中国文学界影响很大。•向西方介绍中国文化的林语堂,《吾国与吾民》于1935年在纽约出版