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1AdvancedDisplayOpticsLabMid-termReportPleaseselectoneofthefollowingtopics1.Micro-opticalWaveguide2.Micro-planneroptics3.Micro-opticsonArrayilluminations4.Micro-opticsforbeamshaping5.Micro-opticsoninformationstorage6.Micro-opticswithhybridlens7.Micro-opticsonDisplay8.ApplicationsofSubwave-lengthgrating9.OpticalMEMsSystems10.ActiveLCMicro-optics11.Micro-opticsforBio.Applications12.PhotonicCrystalPleaseselectoneofthefollowingtopicsPleaseReturntheFinalReporttoRoom.511beforeMay.2nd(Monday)OpticalDesign,Fabrication,andMeasurementLC-OpticsAndLCModesAssosiateProfessor:Yi-PaiHuangDepartmentofPhotonicsandDisplayInstitute3AdvancedDisplayOpticsLabOutlineIntroductionofLCPhysicsLC-Optics-JonesMatrix-OpticsofTN-LCD-PolarizerandCompensatorLCmodes-WideViewingAngleTech.-LowColor-washoutTech.ofVA-OtherLCmodesandApplications4AdvancedDisplayOpticsLab西元1888年奧地利植物學家F.Reinitzer首先發現液態晶體(Liquidcrystals-簡稱液晶)的存在，接著便開啟了之後相關的基礎研究與發展。HistoryofLCD5AdvancedDisplayOpticsLab西元1973年，日本夏普(Sharp)公司成功開發出以液晶顯示器為顯示面板的計算機與手錶西元1995年，韓國廠商進入薄膜電晶體液晶顯示器-TFTLCD的生產，包括三星(Samsung)、LG等於90年代底迅速達到超越市場佔有率30%。而台灣近年來有許多的TFT-LCD新廠設立，政府與民間皆視台灣LCD產業為「第二個半導體工業」。部分圖片擷取自日本SHARP20XX年未来散歩網頁HistoryofLCD6AdvancedDisplayOpticsLabLCdirectornn∥=nen⊥=nooennnLight(ne,no)Light(no)BirefrigencyEffectRefractiveIndex(Birefringence)7AdvancedDisplayOpticsLabLCdirectornε∥ε⊥llpositiveΔεLCnegativeΔεLCpositiveΔεLCnegativeΔεLCEfieldEfieldEfieldEfieldEfieldEfieldDielectricConstant8AdvancedDisplayOpticsLabElectrostaticEnergy9AdvancedDisplayOpticsLabLCOperation10AdvancedDisplayOpticsLabDielectricConstants11AdvancedDisplayOpticsLabSplay(K11)Splay(K11)0nTwist(K22)Twist(K22)n//nBend(K33)Bend(K33)nnElasticConstants12AdvancedDisplayOpticsLabOssen-Frank’sfreeenergyformulation233222211dnnKnnKnK21fFrank形變自由能密度標準式總自由能extsdFFFF形變自由能介面作用自由能外場作用自由能外場作用自由能密度光能磁能電能π81π812121BHDEfHnfEnεεfop2//m2//eFreeEnergyFormulation13AdvancedDisplayOpticsLabJonesispowerfulforstudyingthepropagationofplanewaveswitharbitrarystatesofpolarizationthroughanarbitrarysequenceofbirefringentelementsandpolarizers.Limitations:•Appliestonormalincidenceorparaxialraysonly•NeglectsFresnelrefractionandsurfacereflections•Deficientpolarizermodeling•OnlymodelspolarizedlightOtherMethods:•4x4Method–exactsolutions(modelsrefractionandmultiplereflections)•2x2ExtendedJonesMatrixMethod(relaxesmultiplereflectionsforgreatersimplicity)JonesMatrixLimitations14AdvancedDisplayOpticsLabLinearPolarizedCircularPolarizedJonesVectorofPolarization15AdvancedDisplayOpticsLab(notation:fast(f)andslow(s)componentofthepolarizationstate)JonesMatrixMethod(I)Z-axisY-axissX-axisfyy•ThepolarizationstateinafixedlabaxisXandY:•Decomposedintofastandslowcoordinatetransform:rotationmatrix•Ifnsandnfaretherefractiveindicesassociatedwiththepro-pagationofslowandfastcomponents,theemergingbeamhasthepolarizationstate:WheredisthethicknessandlisthewavelengthxyVVVyyyyycossinsincosxxsyyfVVVRVVV2exp020expsssfffindVVVVindll16AdvancedDisplayOpticsLab•Fora“simple”retardationfilm,thefollowingphasechangesoccur:(relativephaseretardation)(meanabsolutephasechange)JonesMatrixMethod(II)•Rewritingpreviousretardationequation:l2sfnndl122sfnndllll/2/22exp020exp2exp02220exp2200sssfffsfsfssfsffisiiindVVVVindnnnnidVnnnnVidVeeeVf17AdvancedDisplayOpticsLabJonesMatrixMethod(III)•TheJonesvectorofthepolarizationstateoftheemergingbeamintheX-YcoordinatesystemisgivenbytransformingbacktotheS-Fcoordinatesystem.yyyycossinsincosxsyfVVVV18AdvancedDisplayOpticsLab•Bycombiningequations,thetransformationduetotheretarderplateis:whereW0istheJonesmatrixfortheretarderplateandR(Y)isthecoordinaterotationmatrix.(Theabsolutephasecanoftenbeneglectedifmultiplereflectionscanbeignored)Aretardationplateischaracterizedbyitsphaseretardationanditsazimuthangley,andisrepresentedby:JonesMatrixMethod(IV)yy0xxyyVVRWRVVyyyyycossinsincosR/20/200iiieWeeyy0WRWR19AdvancedDisplayOpticsLabxyzysf0121Analyzer穿透軸02221VV0001VVfsyxyyyyysinsin''cossinsincos''yyyyyyysincoscossinsincos0121RVVVVyxfsyysin)exp(cos)exp()exp()exp()exp()exp(''2i2iiVV2i002iiVVfsfsclnn21clnnfsfs)(,)(Analyzer穿透軸2221T22ysinsinBirefringentPlates20AdvancedDisplayOpticsLabBirefringentPlates4545ParallelpolarizersCrosspolarizers22cossin100sin122'2001220sincos2211()sinsin222eoiiEinndIl22cossin000cos1122'2011220sincos2211()coscos222eoiEinndIl21AdvancedDisplayOpticsLabElectricalControlledBirefringence(ECB)mode22AdvancedDisplayOpticsLabInGen