2008年考研英语完形填空真题解析Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranis1tosayitanyway.Heisthat2bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently3anyinstitution.Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot4thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested。5he,however,mighttrembleatthe6ofwhatheisabouttodo.Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly7thatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothers,butexplainstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.Thegroupin8isaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope.Theprocessisnaturalselection。ThisgroupgenerallydoeswellinIQtest,912-15pointsabovethe10valueof100,andhavecontributed11totheintellectualandculturallifeoftheWest,asthe12oftheirelites,includingseveralworld-renownedscientists,13.Theyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.Thesefacts,14,havepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.Theformerhasbeen15tosocialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionof16education.Thelatterwasseenasa(an17ofgeneticisolation.Dr.Cochransuggeststhattheintelligenceanddiseasesareintimately18.Hisargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas19themtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis20stateofaffairs。1.[A]selected[B]prepared[C]obliged[D]pleased2.[A]unique[B]particular[C]special[D]rare3.[A]of[B]with[C]in[D]against4.[A]subsequently[B]presently[C]previously[D]lately5.[A]Only[B]So[C]Even[D]Hence6.[A]thought[B]sight[C]cost[D]risk7.[A]advises[B]suggests[C]protests[D]objects8.[A]progress[B]fact[C]need[D]question9.[A]attaining[B]common[C]mean[D]calculating10.[A]normal[B]common[C]mean[D]total11.[A]unconsciously[B]disproportionately[C]indefinitely[D]unaccountably12.[A]missions[B]fortunes[C]interests[D]careers13.[A]affirm[B]witness[C]observe[D]approve14.[A]moreover[B]therefore[C]however[D]meanwhile15.[A]givenup[B]gotover[C]carriedon[D]putdown16.[A]assessing[B]supervising[C]administering[D]valuing17.[A]development[B]origin[C]consequence[D]instrument18.[A]linked[B]integrated[C]woven[D]combined19.[A]limited[B]subjected[C]converted[D]directed20.[A]paradoxical[B]incompatible[C]inevitable[D]continuous文章背景这是一篇介绍个人学术观点的说明文,文章内容主要围绕一部分人是否比另外一部分人聪明这个主题展开。该文原文刊登在2005年6月2日的《经济学人》杂志上,原文的标题是TheEvolutionofIntelligence(智力的进化,命题专家对原文进行了一定的简化,但是意思没有发生丝毫的变化。文章结构文章采用了总分的叙述方式,文章第一段的前两句话就是文章叙述的主题,全片文章围绕这个主题展开。第一段:Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranis1tosayitanyway。(总述第二段:Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly7thatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothers,butexplainstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout。(分述第三段:ThisgroupgenerallydoeswellinIQtest„Theyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases„Hisargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas19themtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis20stateofaffairs。(结论答案详解1.【解析】[B]语义衔接题。本题目选择动词过去分词形式,构成be„to的结构,在句子中充当谓语。选项A.selected选择;B.prepared准备;C.obliged迫使,责成;D.pleased高兴。前边相邻句子Theideathatsomepeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.“一些人比另一些人聪明,这一观点一直是人们不敢明确提出来的假设之一。”本题所在句子由But一词引导,在句义上与前一句相反,即“打算或准备说了”,故选B。2.【解析】[D]语义衔接/词汇辨析题。本题目选择形容词,在句子中充当定语。选项A.unique独一无二的;B.particular特殊的,特别的;C.special特殊的;D.rare珍惜的,罕见的,珍贵的。rarebirds意为“稀世珍品,旷世奇才,罕见人(物”,GregoryCochran打破常规,准备说了,因此像是“出头鸟”。3.【解析】[A]惯用衔接题。independent其后应搭配of,意为“独立于,不依赖于”。还应注意dependent后面还可搭配on,但意为“依赖于,依靠于”。Heisthatrarebird,ascientistwhoworksindependentlyanyinstitution.“他就是那个稀有之人,是一位不依赖于任何机构的独立的科学家”。4.【解析】[C]语义衔接题。本题目选择副词,在句子中充当状语。句子叙述到Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnotthoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whichruffledmanyscientificfeatherswhenitwasfirstsuggested.“他普及了这种观点,即某些以前人们认为不是由细菌引起的疾病实际上是传染病,这一观点一经提出就引起了极大争议。”分析本句结构可以看出:that引导的是同位语从句,说明idea的内容,从句中somediseasesnot„thoughttohaveabacterialcause是主语部分,谓语是wereactuallyinfections„,而后面which引导的非限制定语从句是修饰theidea这个名词的。解本题的关键词是actually“实际上”,隐含转折之意,即过去的看法和实际情况不同。选项A.subsequently随后;B.presently当前;C.previously先前;D.lately近来,最近。为了与本句子中的“actually,实际上”相互呼应,要体现时间上的先后交替关系。因此,正确答案为C。5.【解析】[C]逻辑关系/语义衔接题。由本句中的however可知,“虽然如此,一想到他即将要做的,他本人也会有点战战兢兢”,even符合逻辑关系,so和hence表示因果关系,与前文所述无内在的逻辑关系。6.【解析】[A]语义衔接/固定搭配题。at和四个选项中的名词都可搭配,但意思相去甚远。选项A.atthethoughtof一想到„„;B.atthesightof一看到„„;C.atthecostof以„„为代价;D.attheriskof冒„„的风险。根据句意,正确答案为A。7.【解析】[B]词汇辨析题。本题目选择动词,在句子中充当谓语。选项A.advise建议;B.suggest提出;暗示,建议;C.protest对„„提出异议;D.object反对。GregoryCochran“不但„„,而且解释了出现这种情况的过程”,从本题所在的句意可以看出,B正确。另注意:suggest有两个基本意义,一为“建议”,其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气;二为“提出,暗示”,其后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。8.【解析】[D]语义衔接/固定搭配题。本题目选择介词短语,在句子中充当定语,修饰前面的thegroup。选项A.inprogress在„„的进程中;B.infact事实上;C.inneed在危难(急中;D.inquestion讨论中的;考虑中的。前句提到人类某些人的平均智商要高一些,词句衔接上一句,由此可知空格处要表达的是“正在被讨论的这个群体”。选项D符合句意。9.【解析】[B]词汇辨析/惯用搭配题。本题目选择动词,在句子中充当谓语。选项A.attaining获得(经过长期努力;B.scoring得分;C.reaching达到;D.calculating通过计算得出。句子中的宾语是分数,因此要选择得分。因此,正确答案为B。10.【解析】[C]词汇辨析题。本题目选择形容词,在句子中充当定语,修饰后面的名词。scoring1215pointsabovethevalueof100,“这个群体在智商测试中成绩最好,比100