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高中英语语法高中英语语法高中英语语法高中英语语法高中英语语法高中英语语法学习提纲看到p50谓语时态一、词类、句子成分和构词法：1111、词类：英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。1、名词(nnnn.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boyboyboyboy,,,,morningmorningmorningmorning,,,,bagbagbagbag,,,,ballballballball,,,,classclassclassclass,,,,orangeorangeorangeorange.2、代词(pron.pron.pron.pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：whowhowhowho,,,,sheshesheshe,,,,youyouyouyou,,,,itititit....3、形容词(adj.adj.adj.adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good,good,good,good,right,right,right,right,white,white,white,white,orangeorangeorangeorange.4、数词(numnumnumnum.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one,one,one,one,two,two,two,two,three,three,three,three,first,first,first,first,second,second,second,second,third,third,third,third,fourth.fourth.fourth.fourth.5、动词(v.v.v.v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am,am,am,am,is,are,have,seeis,are,have,seeis,are,have,seeis,are,have,see....6、副词(adv.adv.adv.adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now,now,now,now,very,very,very,very,here,here,here,here,often,often,often,often,quietlyquietlyquietlyquietly,,,,slowly.slowly.slowly.slowly.7、冠词(art.art.art.art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a,a,a,a,an,an,an,an,the.the.the.the.8、介词(prep.prep.prep.prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in,in,in,in,on,on,on,on,from,from,from,from,above,above,above,above,behind.behind.behind.behind.9、连词(conj.conj.conj.conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and,and,and,and,but,but,but,but,beforebeforebeforebefore....10、感叹词(interj.interj.interj.interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh,oh,oh,oh,well,well,well,well,hi,hi,hi,hi,hello.hello.hello.hello.2222、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：IIII’’’’mmmmMissMissMissMissGreen.Green.Green.Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：JackJackJackJackcleanscleanscleanscleansthethethetheroomroomroomroomeveryeveryeveryeveryday.day.day.day.(杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：MyMyMyMynamenamenamenameisisisisPingPingPingPingpingpingpingping....(我的名字叫萍萍)4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：HeHeHeHecancancancanspellspellspellspellthethethethewordwordwordword....(他能拼这个词)有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：HeHeHeHewrotewrotewrotewrotememememeaaaaletterletterletterletter....(他给我写了一封信)有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：HeHeHeHewrotewrotewrotewroteaaaaletterletterletterlettertotototomemememe....(他给我写了一封信)5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：ShanghaiShanghaiShanghaiShanghaiisisisisaaaabigbigbigbigcitycitycitycity....(上海是个大城市)6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：HeHeHeHeworksworksworksworkshardhardhardhard....(他工作努力)7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：TheyTheyTheyTheyusuallyusuallyusuallyusuallykeepkeepkeepkeeptheirtheirtheirtheirclassroomclassroomclassroomclassroomcleancleancleanclean....(他们通常让教室保持清洁)////HeHeHeHeoftenoftenoftenoftenhelpshelpshelpshelpsmemememedodododomymymymylessonslessonslessonslessons....(他常常帮我做功课)////TheTheTheTheteacherteacherteacherteacherwantedwantedwantedwantedmemememetotototolearnlearnlearnlearnFrenchFrenchFrenchFrenchallallallallbybybybymyselfmyselfmyselfmyself.(老师要我自学法语)☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：WhereWhereWhereWhereisisisisyouryouryouryourclassmateclassmateclassmateclassmateTomTomTomTom????(你的同学汤姆在哪里？)3333、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。1、合成法：如：spaceship,spaceship,spaceship,spaceship,headache,headache,headache,headache,basketball,basketball,basketball,basketball,playgroundplaygroundplaygroundplayground等等。2、派生法：(1)派生名词：①动词+er/orer/orer/orer/or②动词+inginginging③动词+(t)ion(t)ion(t)ion(t)ion④形容词+nessnessnessness⑤其他,如：高中英语语法高中英语语法高中英语语法高中英语语法inventor,inventor,inventor,inventor,learner,learner,learner,learner,swimming,swimming,swimming,swimming,congratulation,congratulation,congratulation,congratulation,kindness,kindness,kindness,kindness,carelessness,carelessness,carelessness,carelessness,knowledgeknowledgeknowledgeknowledge(2)派生形容词：①名词+yyyy②名词+fulfulfulful③动词+ing/eding/eding/eding/ed④friendlyfriendlyfriendlyfriendly⑤dangerousdangerousdangerousdangerous⑥ChineseChineseChineseChinese;JapaneseJapaneseJapaneseJapanese⑦EnglishEnglishEnglishEnglish⑧FrenchFrenchFrenchFrench⑨GermanGermanGermanGerman⑩国名+(i)an(i)an(i)an(i)an如：snowy,snowy,snowy,snowy,sunny,sunny,sunny,sunny,hopeful,hopeful,hopeful,hopeful,beautiful,beautiful,beautiful,beautiful,interesting,interesting,interesting,interesting,follwing,follwing,follwing,follwing,dailydailydailydaily(每日的),,,,nervous,nervous,nervous,nervous,deliciousdeliciousdeliciousdelicious(3)派生副词：①形容词+ly②其它,如：slowly,slowly,slowly,slowly,angrily,angrily,angrily,angrily,fullfullfullfull→fully,fully,fully,fully,goodgoodgoodgood→well,well,well,well,possiblepossiblepossiblepossible→possiblypossiblypossiblypossibly等等。3、转换法：(1)形容词→动词,如：drydrydrydry(干燥的)→drydrydrydry(弄干),cleancleancleanclean(干净的)→cleancleancleanclean(打扫,弄干净),等等。(2)动词→名词,如：look,look,look,look,walk,walk,walk,walk,rest,rest,rest,rest,work,work,work,work,study,study,study,study,swim,swim,swim,swim,go,go,go,go,talktalktalktalk等等。(3)名词→动词,如：handhandhandhand(手)→(传递),facefacefaceface(脸)→(面对)等等。(4)形容词→副词,如：earlyearlyearlyearly→early,early,early,early,fastfastfastfast→fastfastfastfast等等。(5)副词→连词,如：whenwhenwhenwhen(什么时候)→(当……时候),等等。(6