高考英语专题讲座(二)动词的时态和语态声明:这是从人大附中网校下载并整理的作品。谨表示感谢。动词的时态一般进行完成完成进行现在一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时过去一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成进行时将来一般将来时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成进行时过去将来过去将来时过去将来进行时过去将来完成时过去将来完成进行时时式教学大纲要求的常用的8种时态:一般进行完成完成进行现在一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时过去一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成进行时将来一般将来时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成进行时过去将来过去将来时过去将来进行时过去将来完成时过去将来完成进行时高考考点相对“超纲”的现象是近几年高考的命题“倾向”,比如:2003年北京,22题考查了将来进行时;2004年北京,27题考查了将来完成时的被动语态;2004年北京,25题考查了现在完成进行时。1、(2003北京,22)Atthistimetomorrow______overtheAtlantic.A.we’regoingtoflyB.we’llbeflyingC.we’llflyD.we’retofly分析:该题的空白处谓语部分含着几种时态呢?是否是既有将来时还有进行时?B2、(2004年北京,27)ThemayorofBeijingsaysthatallconstructionworkfortheBeijingOlympics______by2006.A.hasbeencompletedB.hascompletedC.willhavebeencompletedD.willhavecompleted分析:此题暗含的时态有几种?从语态说是属于主动还是被动?能看出标志词吗?C3、(2004北京,25)Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy____goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.A.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider分析:原句中用了什么时态?空白处的时态应该是属于与现在、过于还是将来有关呢?B时态讲解:一、一般现在时的基本用法:1:表经常性或者是习惯性的动作;表示现在的状态、特征和真理。eg:Johnstudiesveryhard,heusuallygetsupat5everyday.2,、用在时间状语从句和条件状从句中,即:“主将(来时)从现(现在时)”。eg:Ifyoucomethisafternoon,we’llhaveameeting.3,有时表示按计划、规定要发生的动作,但限于少数动词,如:begin,come,leave,go,arrive等。eg:Thetrainleavesatseventhisafternoon.**--CanIhelpyou,sir?(全国96,20)--Yes,Iboughtthisradiohereyesterday,butit_____.A.didn’tworkB.won’tworkC.can’tworkD.doesn’tworkD二、一般过去时:1,表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作。eg:Aftergraduation,hefirst__________asadriverandthen_______acompany.2,表示过去经常发生的动作。eg:Iusedtohaveacupofteaaftersuppertwoyearsago.**--Yourphonenumberagain?I_____quitecatchit.--It’s62513180.(全国95,12)A.didn’tB.couldn’tC.don’tD.can’tworkedstartedA三、一般将来时:一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。eg:1,Hewillbe20yearsoldnextmonth.2,Wearegoingtohaveameetingthisevening.3,Theboyistogotoschooltomorrow.4,Sheiscomingsoon.**--IsMaryback?--No,she______backuntilnextSaturday.A.willbeB.isn’tC.won’tbeD.hasn’tbeenC四、过去将来时:过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间或动作看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。eg:1,Theyweresurethattheywouldsucceed.2,IthoughtyouweregoingtoBeijingtoday.**Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe_____officesoon.A.leavesB.wouldleaveC.leftd.hadleftB重点时态讲解:动词时态与语态:1)进行时(现在;过去;将来;完成;)2)完成时(现在;过去;将来)3)语态:主动和被动(4)特点:现在进行时:强调说话时在进行的动作过去进行时:强调过去某个动作发生时、或某一时刻正在进行的动作。进行时:常表达喜怒哀乐,生动、具体动作现在完成时:强调过去动作对现在的影响强调动作、状态从过去延续到现在过去完成时:强调过去的过去完成进行时:强调从过去一直进行或持续到现在的动作。have/has+been+v+ing将来进行时:强调将来某时或某段时间正在进行的动作。will/shall+be+v+ing将来完成时:强调在将来某时刻之前完成的动作或存在的状态。常和终止性动词连用。如:finish;stop;complete;workout等。will/shall+have+vedExamples:1,--Isthisraincoatyours?(1997全国)--No,mine____therebehindthedoor.A.hangsB.hashungC.ishangingD.hung2,--What’sthatterriblenoise?--Theneighbors____foraparty.(2004北京)A.havepreparedB.arepreparingC.prepareD.willprepareCB3,Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,____visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.(2004北京)A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe4,--Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.(全国1998,24)--Iamtired.I_____thelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepaintedAC5,Thenewscameasnosurprisetome.I_____forsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown.(2003北京)A.hadknownB.knewC.haveknownD.know6,--Howlong_____atthisjob?--Since1990.(2003北京春季)A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployedCB7,--Whatdidyousay?--Soyou____tome.A.won’tlistenB.weren’tlisteningC.didn’tlistenD.haven’tlistened8,---Whydoyoulooksounhappy,Mike?---I____mynicewatchwhenI____inthewoods.A.hadlost;wouldplayB.havelost;wasplayingC.waslosing;playedD.lost;wasplayingCB9,--Don’tgothere,it’stoodangerous!--______.A.Yes,Iwon’tB.No,Iweren’tC.No,Ican’tD.No,Iwon’t10,--WhatisLiMinggoingtodo?--He’llbeanEnglishteacherbythetimehe____twenty.A.isB.willbeC.isgoingtobeD.hasbeenDA11,--Sorry,Iforgottoposttheletterforyou.--Nevermind.I_____itmyself.A.postB.amgoingtopostC.ispostingD.willpost12,Insomepartsoftheworld,tea____withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served13,--Youaregoodatskating.--Ishouldbe.I_____sinceIwasfiveyearsold.A.skatedB.wasskatingC.hadskatedD.havebeenskatingDBD14,--Oh,it’syou!I_____you.--I’vejusthadmyhaircut,andIamwearingnewglasses.A.didn’trecognizeB.hadn’trecognizedC.haven’trecognizedD.don’trecognize15,--Whatiswrongwithyouruncle?--He____whilehe_____hisbikeandhurthimself.A.fell;wasridingB.falls;isridingC.hadfallen;rodeD.wasfalling;wasridingAAHomework:1、Theviolinwillhavetobetunedbeforeit_____.A.isplayedB.shouldplayC.playsD.isbeingplayedA答案:A.主将从现,被动,Theviolinisplayed.D项表示正在被,与题意不符。2、BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,we_____inEuropefortwoweeks.A.hadstayedB.shallstayC.willhavestayedD.havebeenstaying提示:C.bythetimeyouarrive你到达的时候(时间为止),恰好表达到将来某一时刻为止;主句里有”fortwoweeks”已两周的时间状语,正好符合“将来完成时表示的”到将来某时刻就已经----之意。C3、I___withsomefriendsuntilIfindaflat.A,amlivingB,liveC,havelivedD,willhavelived提示:A.表示目前暂时的动作用现在进行时。句意:我和朋友住在一起是暂时的不是长久的,找到住处我就会搬家。A4、Allthepreparationsforthetask_____,andwe’rereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompletedD提示:D.首先,名词preparations与动词complete是动宾关系,应用被动语,排除A,B项。C项是过去完成时表示过去的过去,而本句的意思是“现已准备好,马上就要开始。”与现在有关系,因此用现在完成时。5、IthoughtI____thedoor,butitisstillopenA,hadclosedB,wasclosingC,haveclosedD,wouldclose提示:A.此题close(关闭)发生在thought之前,用过去完成时