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CBMDrillingTechnology8March2013CBMTechnologiesToday’sdiscussionwillfocusonfourtechnologyareas:•Exploration•Inseamoperations•Verticalwells•Productiontesting煤层气技术今天的议题集中在如下四个技术领域：•勘探•水平井作业•直井•生产测试PoorPermeabilityBestpermeability,ifvitriniterichThermogenicPotentiallythermogenicandbiogenicBiogenicApplicationofbasinanalysisPotentialcontrolledbybiogenicrechargePotentialcontrolledbythermogenicprocessGenerationGasContentPermeabilityCleatsdevelopCleatsannealedDevelopmentofGeneticExplorationforCBMPeatLigniteSubBitum-inousHighVolatileBitum-inousBitum-inousLowvolatileBitum-inousSemiAnth-raciteAnth-raciteRank0.40.40.51.11.51.92.54TempoC3535-5050-7070120150180200Depthm1001k1k1k-2k2k4k5k10kIdealforCBM渗透性差渗透性差渗透性差渗透性差如果富含镜质体如果富含镜质体如果富含镜质体如果富含镜质体，，，，渗透性最佳渗透性最佳渗透性最佳渗透性最佳热成因热成因热成因热成因生物成因和热成因潜力区生物成因和热成因潜力区生物成因和热成因潜力区生物成因和热成因潜力区生物成因生物成因生物成因生物成因盆地分析的应用生物成因气主导潜力区热成因气主导潜力区成因含气量渗透率割理发育割理发育割理发育割理发育割理闭合割理闭合割理闭合割理闭合煤层气勘探思路煤层气勘探思路煤层气勘探思路煤层气勘探思路泥炭泥炭泥炭泥炭褐煤褐煤褐煤褐煤次烟煤次烟煤次烟煤次烟煤高挥发高挥发高挥发高挥发烟煤烟煤烟煤烟煤烟煤烟煤烟煤烟煤低挥发低挥发低挥发低挥发烟煤烟煤烟煤烟煤半无烟半无烟半无烟半无烟煤煤煤煤无烟煤无烟煤无烟煤无烟煤煤阶0.40.40.51.11.51.92.54温度oC3535-5050-7070120150180200埋深m1001k1k1k-2k2k4k5k10k煤层气最为理想煤层气最为理想煤层气最为理想煤层气最为理想ApplicationofbasinanalysisPotentialcontrolledbybiogenicrechargePotentialcontrolledbythermogenicprocessCBMBasinsoftheworldPeatLigniteSubBitum-inousHighVolatileBitum-inousBitum-inousLowvolatileBitum-inousSemiAnth-raciteAnth-raciteRank0.40.40.51.11.51.92.54TempoC3535-5050-7070120150180200Depthm1001k1k1k-2k2k4k5k10kDajingSuratBowenHenanBasinsPowderRSanJuanSydneyLiulinShouyangPanzhuang盆地分析应用生物成因气主导潜力区热成因气主导潜力区世界各地煤层气案例世界各地煤层气案例世界各地煤层气案例世界各地煤层气案例泥炭泥炭泥炭泥炭褐煤褐煤褐煤褐煤次烟煤次烟煤次烟煤次烟煤高挥发高挥发高挥发高挥发分烟煤分烟煤分烟煤分烟煤烟煤烟煤烟煤烟煤低挥发低挥发低挥发低挥发分烟煤分烟煤分烟煤分烟煤半无烟半无烟半无烟半无烟煤煤煤煤无烟煤无烟煤无烟煤无烟煤煤阶0.40.40.51.11.51.92.54温度oC3535-5050-7070120150180200埋深m1001k1k1k-2k2k4k5k10k大井大井大井大井SuratBowen河南河南河南河南案例案例案例案例PowderRSanJuanSydney柳林柳林柳林柳林寿阳寿阳寿阳寿阳潘庄潘庄潘庄潘庄-110-90-70-50-30-10-400-350-300-250-200-150-100CO2reductionCO2fermentationGeneralrangeofnaturalgasmixingδδδδ2H(o/oo)δδδδ13C(o/oo)GeneralRangeofCBMPrimaryBiogenicSecondaryBiogenicLighterCarbonIsotopeIsotopicanalysis–identifyingmethanegenesis•PrimaryBiogenicmethaneformedduringearlystagesofcoalification•Secondarybiogenicmethaneformsafteruplift-110-90-70-50-30-10-400-350-300-250-200-150-100CO2reductionCO2fermentation天然气范围mixingδδδδ2H(o/oo)δδδδ13C(o/oo)煤层气范围原生生物成因气次生生物成因气LighterCarbonIsotope同位素分析同位素分析同位素分析同位素分析–确定甲确定甲确定甲确定甲烷成因烷成因烷成因烷成因•原生生物成因气在煤化的初期生成•次生生物成因气在盆地抬升后生成CorerecoveryLowcorerecovery=Inaccurategascontentmeasurement•Poorcorerecovery•Poorcorequality•Highlostgas(Q1)•Underreportedgascontent取心收获率低取心收获率低取心收获率低取心收获率低取心收获率=不正确的气含量测试不正确的气含量测试不正确的气含量测试不正确的气含量测试•收获率低•岩心质量较差•损失气量(Q1)高•气含量测试报告偏低Corerecovery•Highcorerecovery•Highcorequality•Lowlostgas•AccurategascontentHQcoringequipment•designedforcoringsoftercoalformation•highrecoverrates•Smallerrigs•LowcostsHighcorequality=Accurategascontentdata取心收获率•收获率高•岩芯质量好•损失气量小•含气量测试准确HQ取芯设备•设计适合软煤层取芯•收获率高•小型钻机•成本低高收获率高收获率高收获率高收获率=准准准准确的气含量测试数据确的气含量测试数据确的气含量测试数据确的气含量测试数据ReducingOxidation•Oxidationoccursinallcoalseams(withexposuretooxygen)•Duringoxidation,thecoalabsorbsoxygen•Duringcrushingofcoal(i.e.measuringQ3),oxidationeffectisgreatest•PurgedQ3canisters,resultingin50%highergascontentmeasurementOxidationcanresultinQ3INCORRECTLYreporteda0m3/t!!Q3canisterCrusherPurginggas减少煤的氧化•氧化发生在所有的煤层（与氧气接触）•氧化过程中，煤吸收氧气•研磨煤的过程中（例如测量残余含气量Q3），氧化的影响最大•采用装样器充入惰性气体,导致气含量测试数据提高了50%氧氧氧氧化可以导致化可以导致化可以导致化可以导致Q3的测试数据不准确的测试数据不准确的测试数据不准确的测试数据不准确至为至为至为至为0m3/t!!Q3装样器球磨机充入气体Permeabilitytesting–DSTDSTpermeabilitytestingisbetter,as:•LesseffectfromdrillingfluidsLowskins=Moreaccuratepermdata•Noinducedfractures(causebyinjecting)•Formationfluidsamplescanbetaken•Lowerrigtime(30hours)•Lowercost渗透率测试–DSTDST渗透率测试更好,因为:•受到钻井液影响小低表皮系数低表皮系数低表皮系数低表皮系数=更为准确的数据更为准确的数据更为准确的数据更为准确的数据•不会造成裂缝(注入引起的)•可以取到地层流体•钻机时间少(30小时)•低成本InseamWells–ToeverseHeal“Toe”InseamWellsPros•Lateralpressuremonitoring•Lateralflushing/cleaning•DowndipdrillingCons•Additionalsurfaceaccessrequired•Limitofsinglelateral(perradius)“Heal”InseamWellsPros•Optionformultilaterals•Optionfor“singlesite”well•LowercostsCons•Nolateralpressuremonitoring•Nolateralflushing/cleaning煤层水平井–脚尖和脚跟型联通“脚尖联通型脚尖联通型脚尖联通型脚尖联通型”水平井水平井水平井水平井优点•可以监测水平分支的压力•水平段可以冲洗，洗井•下行钻井缺点•需要额外的井场征地•单一的分支(每一个造斜段)“脚跟联通型脚跟联通型脚跟联通型脚跟联通型”水平井水平井水平井水平井优点•能够钻多分支•能够钻“单井场”井•成本低缺点•不能监测水平分支压力•水平分支不能洗井InseamWells–DirectVsRangedIntersectionDirectIntersectionPros•Lessrigtime(andrigcost)•Accuracy(intersectcasedhole)Cons•Highercost•LowerrepeatabilityRangedIntersectionPros•Simplertooperate•HighrepeatabilityCons•Lowercost•Morerigtime(andrigcost)RadiusbendVerticalwellInseamhole煤层水平井–直接联通和测量后再联通直直直直接联通接联通接联通接联通优点优点优点优点•钻机时间少•准确(与套管井联通)缺点缺点缺点缺点•成本高•可重复性低测量测量测量测量后联通后联通后联通后联通优点优点优点优点•操作容易•重复性高缺缺缺缺点点点点•成本低•钻机时间长（费用高）RadiusbendVerticalwellInseamholeInseamPilotWells–“Standard”AustralianDesignPros•Monitoringlateralwellheadpressures(blocks&collapse)•Abilitytoflushlaterals•Multiplepumpingpoints(minimize%downtime)•MaximumdatarecoveryCons•Highcasedtoinsea