TheSubjunctiveMood1.IfIwereAndyLou,IwouldbeinHongKongnow.2.IwishIwereamillionaire.3.WesuggestthateveryoneshouldhelptheAIDSpatients.WhentousetheSubjunctiveMoodinEnglish?hypotheseswishessuggestion虚拟语气TheSubjunctiveMood虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式(verbstructure),用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实(fact),而只是一种假设(hypotheses)愿望(wishes)、建议(suggestion)或怀疑(doubt)等等。ThedefinitionoftheSubjunctiveMoodbe-型虚拟语气即用动词原形表示虚拟•表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词demand,require,suggest,insist,advise,order等后接宾语从句时,从句谓语动词一般用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形(do/bedone),should也可以省略.例如:HeinsistedthatJohn(should)dothejob.Wesuggestthatthemeeting(should)notbepostponed.be-型虚拟语气即用动词原形表示虚拟•表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后接宾语从句时,从句谓语动词一般用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形(do/bedone),should也可以省略.•常用的这类动词是:ask(要求),advise(建议),command(命令),decide(决定),demand(要求),insist(坚持),move(提议),order(命令),propose(提出),require(要求),request(请求),suggest(建议),urge(主张)如果这些动词不是表示“要求、建议、命令”等意思时,这时宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。be-型虚拟语气即用动词原形表示虚拟•常用的这类动词是:ask(要求),advise(建议),command(命令),decide(决定),demand(要求),insist(坚持),move(提议),order(命令),propose(提出),require(要求),request(请求),suggest(建议),urge(主张)•如果这些动词不是表示“要求、建议、命令”等意思时,这时宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。如suggest表示“暗示”或“表明”的意思时,从句可用陈述语气•Hisappearancesuggeststhatheisabusinessman.be-型虚拟语气即用动词原形表示虚拟•某些形容词或名词后接宾语从句时,从句谓语动词一般用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形(do/bedone),should也可以省略.•常用的这类词是:advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory,proper•decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolutionbe-型虚拟语气即用动词原形表示虚拟•固定搭配中•LonglivethePRC•Sobeit•Sufficeittosaythat•Farbeitfrommetospoilthefun•虚拟条件句虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设,所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句可分为三种,即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。状语从句虚拟语气1.表示与现在事实相反IfIhadenoughmoneynow,Iwouldlendittoyou.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgototellhimtherealfeelinguponhim.2.表示与过去事实相反Ifhehadtakenyouradvice,hewouldn‘thavemadesuchabadmistake.Shewouldhavecometoenjoythepartyifshehadn‘tbeenverybusy.•3.表示与将来事实相反IwouldgoshoppingwithyouifitweretobeSundaytomorrow.Ifheweretobegivenanotherchancetodoitagain,hecouldcertainlyachievemore.在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中,有时可以把虚拟条件句中的if省去,而将had,should,were等词提到主语之前,即用倒装结构(Ifitwerealltrue)Wereitalltrue,itwouldstillnotexcusetheiractions.(Ifthecaptainhadbeenmorecareful)Hadthecaptainbeenmorecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.(ifanyvisitorsshouldcome)Shouldanyvisitorscome,Iwouldsayyouarenothere.状语从句虚拟语气ifonly和suppose(supposing),也可以引导虚拟从句.IfonlyIhadmoretime,Icouldgotheretohelpthem.Supposingitwerefinetomorrow,wouldyougoclimbingthemountainwithus?状语从句虚拟语气Ifitwerenot/hadnotbeenfor…也是常见的虚拟句型,意思是“要不是……”Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wewouldnothaveachievedsomuchinourwork.Ifitwerenotforthewisedecision,wecouldnotbelivingahappylife.状语从句虚拟语气混合条件句----主从句时间不一致•当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要依据它所表示的时间调整。••Ifyouhadtakenthemedicineyesterday,youmightbewellnow.•Ifweshouldn'thaveanexamthisafternoon,Iwouldgoshoppingnow.含蓄条件句•非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来,只暗含在上下文中,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。•有时虚拟条件句并没来if从句表示出来,而是用介词短语(otherwise,or,without,butfor).1.条件暗含在短语中。如:•WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou?•Butforyourhelp,Icouldn’thavemadesomuchprogress.2.条件暗含在上下文中。如:•Youmightstayherforever.你可以永远待在这儿。(可能暗含ifyouwantedto)•Wewouldhavesucceeded.我们本来是会成功的。(可能暗含ifwehadkepttrying)3.在不少情况下,虚拟式已经成为习惯说法,很难找出其暗含的条件。Iwouldn’thavedreamedofit.名词性从句中的虚拟语气宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气一)对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反):其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语be用were,实义动词用一般过去式。•IwishIknewtheanswertothequestion.•NowthatheisinChina,hewishesheunderstoodChinese.在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气二)、对过去情况的虚拟(和过去的事实相反):用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时。1.IwishIhadn'twastedsomuchtime.(事实上已浪费了)Hewisheshehadn'tlostthechance.(其实已失去)Wewishedhehadspokentous.(wished,had+spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气三)、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望):从句动词would/should/could/might+动词原形(时间上较后)(请注意:主句和从句的主语不相同)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。•Iwishitwouldstopraining(事实上雨还在下着呢)•Iwishyouwouldbequiet.(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)•Iwishshewouldchangehermind.(现在还没改变)Were-型虚拟语气即用动词were表示虚拟动词wouldrather,suppose,imagine之后的that分句,表示不可能发生的臆想的情况时,从句用虚拟语气wereI'ratheriwerenotatthesiteofaccidentSupposetheearthwereflatJustimagineeveryoneweretogiveupsmoking,Itis(about/high)time+that•在Itis(about/high)time+that定语从句中需用虚拟语气,表示“该做……的时候了”,其动词形式用一般过去时。•It'salready5o'clocknow.Don'tyouthinkit'sabouttimewewenthome?•Itishightimeweleft.•ItisthefirsttimeIcamehere.用动词过去式表示假设虚拟Itis(about/high)time+that+did1、在thisisthefirsttime/secondtimethat...句型中,从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。•IsthisthefirsttimethatyouhavevisitedHongKong?2、It'stimetodosomething有别于It'stimethat...用动词过去式表示假设虚拟ifonly引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气•谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式(谓语动词与wish宾语从句的虚拟形式相同).•Ifonlyhedidn’tdrivesofast!(现在)•Ifonlyshehadaskedsomeone’sadvice.(过去)•Ifonlytherainwouldstop.(将来)•ifonly引出感叹句,“要是……多好”,表示说话人的一种愿望,希望发生(事实上不可能发生)与事实相反的情况。wouldrather陈述语气表示优先选择•wouldrather意思是“宁愿、宁可、更、最好、还是为好”,后接动词原形,常省略为’drather,表示优先选择的一种方式•其否定形式是wouldrathernotdosth.wouldrather没有人称和数的变化,所有的人称一律用wouldrather.•“wouldrather+动词原形”•MrLiwouldrathernotlistentorockmusic•如果在两者中进行取舍,表示“宁愿……而不愿……,与其……宁可……”的意思时,则可用wouldrather…than…或would…ratherthan…的句型•IwouldratherwatchTVathomethangotothecinema.•Thechildrenwouldwalkthereratherthantakeabuswouldrather陈述语气表示优先选择wouldrather从句虚拟语气表示假设一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿