自然拼读法的基本规则(全面总结)48个国际音标长元音/ɑ://ɔ://ɜ://i://u:/短元音/ʌ//ɒ//ə//ɪ//ʊ//e//æ/双元音/eɪ//aɪ//ɔɪ//ɪə//eə//ʊə//əʊ//aʊ/轻辅音/p//t//k//f//θ//s/浊辅音/b//d//g//v//ð//z/轻辅音/ʃ//h//ts//tʃ//tr/浊辅音/ʒ//r//dz//dʒ//dr/鼻音/m//n//ŋ/半元音/j//w/边音/ǀ/48个英语音标犹如60个汉语拼音,只要熟练地掌握了它们,对学习英语的作用是相当大的。语音知识:1)字母:语言的书写形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u2)音素:音的最小的单位。英语中有48个音素,即20个元音音素和28个辅音音素.3)元音音素:发音响亮,是乐音;口腔中气流不收阻碍;是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20个元音。4)辅音音素:发音不响亮,是噪音;口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。5)音节:由元音音素和辅音音素构成的发音单位。含有一个元音音素的声音片段就是一个音节。例如:hi,mom,first单音节词,stu'dent,tea'cher,un'der'stand多音节词。音节的划分对于单词的读音至关重要,我们所要学习的自然拼读发音规律,其实都是针对单音节单词的,对于多音节单词,我们要先把单词划分成为一个一个的音节,然后在对每个音节应用自然平度发音规律。6)开音节:①辅音+元音+辅音+enamebikehomedue;②辅音+元音he,go,hi。7)闭音节:①辅音+元音+辅音bad,bed,sit,hot,cup;②元音+辅音it。8)重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。字母或字母组合与音素之间的对应规则大揭秘(1)辅音字母的读音:①音形一致的字母和字母组合:b[b],p[p],m[m],f[f],d[d],t[t],n[n],l[l],g[g],k[k],h[h],r[r],v[v],w[w],z[z],dr[dr]dress,tr[tr]tree,ts[ts]cats②音形不一致的字母:c[k][s]call,city,g[g][dʒ]get,geography,j[dʒ]jacket,enjoy,x[ks][gz]box,exam,y[j]yellow,s[s][z]some,always③最常见的辅音字母组合的拼读:sh[ʃ]shoe,finish,ch[tʃ]chair,teacherth[θ][ð]think,brother,ph[f]photo,ck[k]black,kn[n]know,knife,ng[ŋ]long,qu[kw]question,queen,tch[tʃ]watch,catch,wh[w][h]what,who,wr[r]write,wrong,ds[dz]beds④常见辅音词头:bl-[bl]blue,br-[br]bread,gl-[gl]glass,gr-[gr]great,kl-[kl-]clean,kr-[kr]cross,fl-,fr-,pl-,pr-,sk-,sl-,sm-,sn-,sp-,st-,str-,sw-⑤常见辅音词尾:-ple[-pl]apple,-ble[-bl]table,-tle/ttle[-tl]little,-dle/ddle[-dl]middle,-cle[-kl]uncle,-ften[-fn]often,-son/sson[-sn][-zn]lesson,season-ven[-vn]seven⑥另外,单词中有些时候辅音字母会不发音。b在t,m后,不发音doubt,climb,tombg在n前不发音sign,design,resignh在词首不发音hour,honorl在f,k,m前一般不发音calf,talk,clam,在could里也没有发音⑦另还需特说明一下辅音字母y的发音:y在词首时,通常发辅音[j]yes,yellow当y在单词词尾,而且这个单词里面没有其他元音字母时,此时y通常发元音音素/aɪ/my,sky,cry而当y在一个较长一些的单词词尾时,这个单词里面没有其他元音时,y通常发元音音素/i:/baby,city,hurry,cherry(2.)元音字母的读音:①开音节的拼读:A发字母本身音[ei]age,ate,name,cake,lake,take,make,game,gave,made,late,came,bate,date,face,gate,hate,page,race,same,tame,wake,gave,famous,lady,bake等。E发字母本身音[i:]be,these,me,he,she,we,等。I发字母本身音[ai]I,bike,China,like,fine,five,kite,nice,wide,Friday,ride,white,write,Chinese,ice,line,mine,life,idea,nine,等。O发字母本身音[əʊ]ago,radio,go,photo,rode,old,told,hold,cold,home,those,kilo,so,homework,phone,also,no,note,robot,nose,hope,joke,close,stone,clothes,broken等。U发字母本身音[ju:]cute,bute,mute,fume,men,pupil,argue,use,等。②闭音节的拼读:A发[æ]口型要打大at,bad,band,apple,fat,has,am,and,cat,cap,bag,had,grand,carry,back,ran,badly,angry,sad,flat,map,mat,van,man,swam,catch,hand,fantastic,thank,black,panda,that,happy,activity,drank,dragon,taxi,等。E发[e]when,met,them,smell,tell,ball,clever,every,help,better,west,then,yes,fell,desk,red,yellow,pencil,bed,bedroom,dress,festival,get,telephone,egg,went,leg,twenty,next,let,men等I发[i]lift,big,dinner,fish,listen,it,is,six,this,in,sister,his,him,bit,little,river,picnic,think,city,with,finish,sit,chick,skip,miss,nothing,pink,picture,visit,swim,ticket等O发[ɒ]drop,shop,box,bottle,coffee,lost,cross,long,pop,stop,dog,not,body,box,clock,computer,doll,got,hot,pocket,office,point,lots,doctorU发[ʌ]us,study,funny,but,bus,sun,Sunday,summer,hurry,mum,under,understand,cut,duck,truck,lucky,fun,gun等③字母组合的读音也是有规律可循的。如;ea,ee字母组合的发[i:]音:tea,clean,team,eat,east,speak,please,each,easy,read,sea,teacher,need,cheese,wheel,feel,agree,green,week,thirteen,three,deep,peep,weep,sleep,jeep,see,feet,street,teeth,meet,week部分ea字母组合发[e]:bread,heavy,breakfast,weather,head,headache,ready,deaf,oa字母组合的发[əʊ]音:road,boat,coat,loafir,ur字母组合的发[ɜ:]音:girl,bird,thirsty,third,first,birthday,circle,sir,shirt,skirt,dirty,skirt,turn,turtle,purplear组合字母发[ɑ:]音{(a在s,ss前)也发[a:]}:hard,card,park,art,car,are,dark,arm,farmer,market,party,large,star,argue,farclass,vase,glass,pass,last,past,task,,mast,vast,cast,fast等ow字母组合有时发[əʊ]音:window,yellow,show,slow,sow,tow,bow,mow,等ou,ow字母组合有时发[au]音mouth,about,,house,housework,south,how,now,town,等。oo字母组合有时发发[u]音:hood,头巾wool,羊毛look,good,foot,room,football,took,cookwood,book,goodbye,oo字母组合有时发[u:]food,moon,tool,pool,zoo,too,school,cool,toothear字母组合有时发[ɪə]音:tear,dear,fear,gear,hear,near,shear,rear,ear字母组合有时和air一样发[eə]:bear,tear,wear,pear,oy,oi字母组合发[ɔɪ]音:boy,toy,coy腼腆的,foy告别宴会,soy酱油voice,noise,pointight字母组合发[ai]音:right,light,night,fight,might,tightay字母组合发[ei]音:stay,say,day,hay干草,lay设置-tion,-sion字母组合发[ʃn]音nation,sation,[ʒn]音decisionough,augh字母组合发/ɒ/音,bought(buy过去式),caught(catch过去式)ew字母组合发[u:]音:blew(blow过去式),drew(draw过去式),new,grew(grow过去式)④在单词的非重读音节中,元音字母a,e,i,o,u都发相同的音,这个音在英语中叫schwa(弱读),即我们经常听到的/ə/,例如,salad,happen,pencil,ribbon等常见的单词前缀和后缀①前缀dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前,表示否定。disadvantage(缺点)dishonorable(不光彩的)disagree(不同意)dislikein-加在形容词,名词之前,表示否定incorrect(不正确的),inability(无能,无力),inaccurate(不准确的)im-加在字母m,b,p之前,表示否定impossible(不可能的),impolite(不礼貌的),impudence(厚颜无耻)il-加在以l开头的词前,表示否定illegal(非法的),illiterate(文盲的,无文化的)illogical(不合逻辑的)un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前表示否定或者相反:unhappy,unsafe,unfair,unluckynon-加在形容词,名词前表示否定non-existence(不存在),non-essential(不主要的),non-electrical(非电的)mis-加在动词、名词之前不好地,错误地misunderstand(误解),misjudge(误判),misleading(误导),misfortune(不幸)mid表示中间:midnight,midday,midweek,midlandover表示太.....或过多......:overweigh